DISEASES OF THE HOKSE. 503 



head from side to side, and may lie down and get up, not with violence, 

 but with care for itself, perfectl}^ protecting the surface of the belly 

 from any \dolence. At first we lind a decided constipation; the drop- 

 pings if passed are small and hard, coated with a viscous varnish or even 

 with false men^branes. In from thirty-six to forty hours the constipa- 

 tion is followed b}^ diarrhea. The alimentary discharge becomes mixed 

 with a seromucous exudation, which is followed bj!- a certain amount 

 of suppurative matter. The animal becomes rapidly exhausted and 

 unstable, staggers on movement, losing the little appetite which may 

 have remained, and has exacerbations of fever. The pulse becomes 

 softer and weaker, the respiration becomes graduallv more rapid, the 

 temperature is about 1° to 1.5° F. higher. If a fatal result is not pro- 

 duced b}^ the extensive diarrhea the discharge becomes arrested in 

 from five to ten da3^s and a rapid recovery takes place. 



Complication of the luvgs. — If at any time daring the course of the 

 fever the animal is exposed to cold or drafts of air, or in any other 

 way to the causes of repercussion, the lungs ma}^ become affected. In 

 the majority of cases, however, after three, four, or five days of the 

 fever, congestion of the lungs commences without any exposure or 

 apparent exciting cause. Unless this congestion of the lungs is 

 soon relieved it is followed by an inflammation constituting pneumo- 

 nia. This pneumonia, while it is in its essence the same, differs from 

 an ordinary pneumonia at the commencement by an insidious course. 

 The animal commences to breathe heavily, which becomes distinctly 

 visible in the heaving of the flanks, the dilation of the nostrils, and 

 frequently in the swaying movement of the unsteady bod3^ The res- 

 pirations increase in number, what little appetite remained is lost, the 

 temperature increases from 1° to 2°, the pulse becomes more rapid, 

 and at times, for a short period, more tense and full, but the previous 

 poisoning of the specific disease has so weakened the tissues that it 

 never becomes the characteristic full, tense pulse of a simple pneumonia. 



On percussion of the chest dullness is found over the inflamed areas; 

 on auscultation at the base of the neck over the trachea a tubular mur- 

 mur is heard. The crepitant rales and tubular murmurs of pneumonia 

 arc heard on the sides of the chest if the pneumonia is periphei'al, but 

 in pneumonia complicating influenza the inflamed portions are fre- 

 quently disseminated in islands of variable size and are sometimes deep 

 seated, in which case the characteristic auscultory symptoms are some- 

 times wanting. From this time on the symptoms of the animal are 

 those of an ordinary grave pneumonia, rendered more severe by occur- 

 ring in a debilitated animal. The cough is at first hacky and aborted; 

 later, more full and moist. There is discharge from the nostrils, which 

 may be mucopurulent, purulent, or hemorrhagic. As in simple pneu- 

 monia, in the outset this discharge may be "rusty," due to capillary 

 hemorrhages. We find that the blood is thoroughly mixed with the 



