DISEASES OF THE HOKSE. 531 



brown; the surface of the intestines is in many places denuded of its 

 lining- membrane, showing fissures and hemorrhagic spots. The liver 

 has a cooked appearance; Ihe kidneys are congested and friable; the 

 urine is red; the pleura, lungs, and the meninges are congested; and 

 the bronchi of the lungs contain a bloody foam. 



Treatment. — The treatment of anthrax has little in it to encourage 

 one. The curative treatment, for which almost every drug in the 

 pharmacopeia has been used, is practiealh' without avail. 



The j)roph3dactic treatment formerlj^ consisted in the avoidance of 

 certain fields and marshes which were recognized as contaminated dur- 

 ing the months of August and September and had been occupied the 

 years in which the outbreaks usually occurred. It underwent, how- 

 ever, a revolution after the discovery by Pasteur of the possibility of 

 a prophylactic inoculation or vaccination which granted immunity 

 from future attacks of the disease similar to that granted b}^ the recov- 

 ery of an animal from an ordinary attack of the disease. 



This treatment consists in the use of a vaccine which is made by the 

 artificial cuiltivation of the virus of anthrax in broth and in the treat- 

 ment of it bj^ means of continued exposure to a high temperature for 

 a certain length of time, which weakens the virus to such an extent 

 that it is onlj^ capable of producing a verj^ mild and not dangerous 

 attack of anthrax in the animal in which it is inoculated, and thus pro- 

 tects the animal from inoculation of a stronger virus. The production 

 of this virus, which is carried on in some countries at the expense of 

 the government and is furnished at a small cost to the farmers in 

 regions where the disease prevails, in this countrj' is made in private 

 laboratories onh\ 



GLANDERS ANI> FARCY. 



[Synonyms: Glanders, farcy, one form of nasal gleet; Malleus liwnidus, Equina nasalis, 

 Equina aposiematos, Latin; rotz, rotzkrankheit, German; snot, verroting, Dutch; moccio, 

 cidiiwrro, Italian; viuervw, Spanish; morre, farcin, French.] 



Definition. — Let it be understood at the outset that glanders and 

 in.YQ.y are one and the same disease, differing only in that the first term 

 is applied to the disease when the local lesions predominate in the 

 internal organs, especially in the nostrils, lungs, and air tubes; and 

 that the second term is applied to it w^hen the principal manifestation 

 is an outbreak of the lesions on the exterior or skin of the animal. 

 The term glanders applies to the disease in both forms, while the term 

 farcy is limited to the visible appearance of external trouble onl}^; 

 but in the latter case internal lesions always exist, although they may 

 not be evident. 



Glanders is a contagious constitutional disease of the genus Equus 

 (the horse, ass, and mule), readily communicable to man, the dog, 

 the cat, the rabbit, and the guinea pig. It is transmitted with diffi- 



