DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 539 



Chronic farcy in the ass and mule is an excessively rare condition, 

 but sometimes occurs. 



CHKOXIC GLANDERS. 



Symptoms. — -In chronic glanders we find the same train of inflam- 

 matory phenomena, varying in appearance from those of chronic 

 farc}^ onl}^ b}^ the difference of the tissues in which the}^ are located. 

 In chronic glanders there is first the nodule, from the size of a shot to 

 that of a small pea, which forms in the mucous membranes of the 

 respiratory tract. This may be just inside of the wings of the nostrils 

 or on the septum which divides the one nasal cavity from the other 

 and be easily detected, or it ma}' be higher in the nasal cavities on the 

 turbinated bones, or it may form in the larynx itself or on the surface 

 of the trachea or deep in the. lungs. 



The nodules, which are first red and hard and consist of new connect- 

 ive tissue, soon soften and become yellow; the j-ellow spots break and 

 we have a small ulcer the size of the preceding nodule, which has a 

 gray, dirty bottom and ragged edges and is known as a chancre. This 

 ulcer pours from its surface a viscous, oily discharge similar to that 

 which we have seen in the farcy ulcer. The irritation of the discharge 

 may ulcerate the lining mucous membrane of the nose, causing serpen- 

 tine gutters with bottoms resembling those of the chancres themselves. 

 If the nodules have formed in large numbers we may have them caus- 

 ing an acute inflammation of the Schneiderian membrane, with a 

 catarrhal discharge which va^j mark the specific discharge, or that 

 which comes from the ulcers and resembles the discharge of strangles 

 or simple inflammatory diseases. 



The eruption of the ulcers and discharge soon cause an irritation of 

 the neighboring lymphatics; and in the intermaxillary space, deep 

 inside of the jaws, we find an enlargement of the glands, which for the 

 first few da^'s may seem soft and edematous, but which rapidlj' becomes 

 confined to the glands, these being- from the size of an almond to that 

 of a small bunch of berries, exceedingly hard and nodulated. This 

 enlargement of the glands is found high up on the inside of the jaws, 

 firmly adherent to the base of the tongue. It is not to be confounded 

 with the puff}', edematous swelling, which is not separated from the 

 skin and subcutaneous connective tissues found in strangles, in 

 laryngitis, and in other simple iuflammator}^ troubles. 



These glands bear a great resemblance to the hard, indurated glands 

 which we find in connection with the collection of pus in the sinuses; 

 but in the latter disease the glands have not the extreme nodulated feel 

 which the}' have in glanders. With the glands we find indurated cords, 

 feeling like balls of tangled wire or twine, fastening the glands 

 together. 



The essential symptoms of glanders are the nodule, the chancre, 



