540 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



the glands, and the discharge. With the development of the nodules 

 in the respiratory tract, according to their number and the amount 

 cf eruption which they cause, we may find a cough which resembles 

 that of a coryza, a laryngitis, a bronchitis, or a broncho-pneumonia, 

 according to the location of the lesions. In chronic glanders we 

 find the same accessory symptoms that occur in chronic farcy, the 

 hemorrhage of the nose, the swelling of the legs, the chronic cough, 

 and, in the entire horse, the swelling of the testicles. 



On healing, the chancres on the mucous membranes leave small, 

 whitish, star-shaped scars, hard and indurated to the touch, and which 

 remain for almost an indefinite time. The chancres heal and the other 

 local symptoms disappear, with the exception of the enlargement of 

 the glands, and we find these so diminished in size that thej^ are scarcely 

 perceptible on examination. During the subacute attacks, with a mini- 

 mum Ciuantity of local troubles, in chronic glanders and in chronic 

 farcy the animal rarely shows any amount of fever, but does have a 

 general depraved appearance; it loses flesh and becomes hidebound; 

 the skin becomes dry and the hairs stand on end. There is a cachexia, 

 however, which resembles greatly that of any chronic, organic trouble, 

 hut is not diagnostic, although it has in it certain appearances and 

 conditions which often render the animal suspicious to the eye of the 

 expert veterinarian, while without the presence of local lesions he 

 ■v^'ould be unable to state on what he has based his opinion. 



ACUTE GLAXDKKS. 



Symptoms. — In the acute form of glanders we find the symp- 

 toms which we have just studied in chronic farcy and in chronic glan- 

 ders in a more acute and aggravated form. There is a rapid outbreak 

 of nodules in the respiratory tract which rapidly degenerate into chan- 

 cres and pour out a considerable discharge from the nostrils. There 

 is a cough of more or less severity according to the amount and site of 

 tiie local eruption. Over the surface of the bod}^ swellings occur which 

 are rapidly followed by farcy buttons, which break into ulcers; we 

 find the indurated cords and enlargement of the lymphatics. 



Bleeding from the nose, sudden swelling of one of the hind legs, and 

 the swelling of the testicles arc apt to precede an acute eruption of 

 glanders. As the symptoms become more marked the animal has diffi- 

 cult}^ of respiration, the flanks heave, the respiration becomes rapid, 

 the pulse becomes quickened, and the temperature becomes elevated 

 to 103°, 104°, or 105° F. 



With the other symptoms of an acute fever the general appearance 

 and station of the animal is that of one sufi'ering from an acute pneu- 

 monia, but upon examination, while we may find sibilant and mucous 

 rales over the side of the chest, and may possibly hear tubular mur- 

 murs at the base of the neck over the trachea, we fail to find the tubu- 



