542 liUKEAU OF ANIMAL INDUtiTKY. 



gliindors and chronic fare}', are apt to bo affected with eniphy.sema of 

 the Unions or the heaves, and to have a chronic cou<;h. In this condi- 

 tion they may continue for a loni^ period, serving as dangerous sources 

 of contagion, the more so because the slight amount of discharge does 

 not serve as a warning to the owner or driver as profuse discharge 

 does in the more acute cases. 



At the postmortem examination of an animal which has been de- 

 stroyed or has died of glanders we find evidences of the various lesions 

 which we have studied in the symptoms. In addition to this, we lind 

 nodules similar to those which we have seen on the exterior through- 

 out the various organs of the body. Nodules may be found in the 

 liver, in the spleen, and in the kidneys. We may find inflammation of 

 the periosteum of the bones, and we have excessive alterations in the 

 marrow in the interior of the bones themselves. Both of these con- 

 ditions during the life of the animal may have been the cause of the 

 lamenesses which were difficult to diagnose. 



In one case Avhich came under the observation of the writer, a lame 

 horse was destroyed and found to have a large abscess of the bone of 

 the arm, with old nodules of the lungs. When an animal has died 

 immediately after an attack of a primary acute case of glanders, we 

 find small V-shaped spots of acute pneumonia in the lungs. If the 

 animal has made an apparent recover}' from acute glanders, and in 

 cases of chronic fare}' and chronic glanders no matter how f')\v the 

 external and visible symptoms may have been, there is a deposit 

 of nodules — small, hard, indurated nodes of new connective tissue to 

 be found in the lungs. "When these have existed for some time we 

 may find a deposit of lime salts in them. These indurated nodules 

 retain the virus and their power to give out contagion for almost an 

 indefinite time, and predispose to the causes which we have studied as 

 the common factors in developing a chronic case into an acute case; 

 that is, an inflanunatory process wakens up their vitalit\' and produces 

 a reinfection of the entire animal. The blood of an animal suffering 

 from chronic glanders and farcy is not virulent and is unaltered, but 

 during the attack of acute glanders, Avhile the animal has fever, the 

 blood becomes virulent and remains so for a few days. 



Trtxdinenf. — Almost the entire list of drugs in the pharmacopeia 

 has been tested in the treatment of glanders. Good h3'gienic sur- 

 roundings, good food, with alteratives and tonics, frequently amelio- 

 rate the symptoms, and often do so to such an extent that the animal 

 would pass the examination of any expert as a perfectly sound animal. 

 But while in this case the number of nodules of the lungs, which are 

 invariably there, maj^ be so few as not to cause sufficient disturbance 

 in the respiration as to attract the attention of the examiner, the}'^ 

 exist, and will remain there almost indefinitcl}' with the constant pos- 

 sibility of a return of acute sj'mptoms. 



It is probable that some horses may recover from glanders if the 



