Contents xiii 



PAGE 



Consequently it may be taken that the Science of 

 Oceanography was born at Sea, in Lat. 25 45 

 Long. 20 14' \V., on 1 5th February, 1873. 



First evidence obtained of the dependence of the 

 occurrence of Globigerina ooze and other Calcareous 

 deposits on the depths of the water overlying them, 

 on the passage from the Canary Islands to the V 

 Indies ......... 31 



Verification of the temperature of the bottom- 

 water, as shown by the Millar-Casella thermometer, by 

 taking the temperature of a dredgeful of red clay from 

 a depth of about 3000 fathoms, with an ordinary 

 thermometer; generalisations obtained in the first line 

 of soundings exceeded in importance those obtained 

 during the rest of the voyage . . . . . 32 



nincance of Land Ice in contributing to deep-sea 

 deposits observed on the voyage between Bermuda, 

 Halifax and the Azores ...... 33 



Abundance of this formation in the Antarctic Ocean 

 furnished information of the nature of the rocks of the 

 Antarctic continent which were then unknown . . 34 



Diatoms and Radiolarians form the most important 

 ous deposits in the ocean. 



nption of the "Challenger " 35 



Advantage of an "old wooden ship" for exploring 



w. >ik 36 



rnifnnnity >t temperature made the main deck an 

 ideal physical laboratory in the tropics . . . 37 



Advantages of hemp over wire as material t->r 

 sounding and dredging lines ..... 38 

 is and the ettect <>! [>re>Mire upon 

 i thermmeters used to give the 



sum ill >t temperature and rise of 



pressure 



Th s piezometers tilled respectively with 



i with in- 0O1 Mohn in 



searchev 1 1 



i >ls.-i v.itii.iis in !.<>< h I ."in- nul riven as an example 

 y of a Lai 



t record in freedom ti<>m 

 .:MK and dredging 



' he 



. 



