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the rate of 14-74 ^ ee * P er minute. Consequently she has 

 the power to prevent her sinking at all. 



The "Vanguard," which was rammed by the "Iron 

 Duke" took 72 minutes to sink. 



By making the main deck of a ship, to which the 

 water-tight bulkheads are carried up, air-tight, she 

 would be proof against sinking from damage to her 

 bottom ......... 407 



Dealing with leaks in this way is equivalent to 

 transferring the leak from the ship's bottom to her 

 deck ...... . . . .408 



A ship fitted with air-tight subdivision is thereby 

 also protected against destruction by fire . . . 409 



The principle of air-tight subdivision is that of the 

 very old nautical device of filling the damaged hold of 

 the vessel with empty casks . . . . .410 



Compressed air every day occupying a wider field as 

 a means of transmitting power. 



No. 30. THE NORTHALLERTON ACCIDENT, 1894. [From The 



Engineer, 1894, Vol. LXXVIII. p. 382] . . . .412 



This accident, happening as it did at the season 

 when the south-going trains from Scotland are most 

 crowded, and almost on the anniversary of a more 

 serious accident to the same train on the same district 

 in the previous year, naturally attracted considerable 

 public attention. 



Since the adoption of the continuous air-brake by 

 the British railways I had noticed, with surprise and 

 some anxiety, that, though the power of this brake was 

 produced on the engine, its usefulness was confined to 

 the coaches. 



In the time which necessarily elapsed before the 

 passengers could be taken up and sent on by relief 

 trains, I was able to study the accident carefully, and I 

 arrived definitely at the conclusion that, had the two 

 engines which hauled the train been supplied with brake 

 power equivalent, mass for mass, to that supplied to 

 the coaches hauled, the accident would have been 

 prevented. 



This was the more certain because, in the same 

 instant that I heard and recognised the danger blast ; 

 the brakes on the whole train were put hard down by 



