in the Twenty Years before 1895 43 



were lost, and along with them thirteen thermometers. 

 During the whole voyage only two temperature-lines were lost 

 with eight thermometers. This immunity from accident was 

 due not only to the excellence of the line, but in a far greater 

 degree to the constant care which was taken of it by the officers 

 and men who had charge of it. 



The immunity from breakage of the sounding-line enabled 

 the temperature at the bottom of the ocean to be determined 

 time after time with the same thermometer, and even with 

 the same pair of thermometers. The following is a list of the 

 thermometers which were used more than ten times for deter- 

 mining the bottom temperature. 



Thermometer . . No. 93 69 68 87 86 83 92 66 89 

 Times used .. ..78 74 31 29 23 15 13 20 n 



In the following table will be found the number of times 

 that certain pairs of thermometers were used together for 

 the determination of the bottom temperature at the same 

 locality. 



,-. N o,{* 2 II g II 



Times used together . 28 13 12 23 22 13 



The advantage of being able to use the same thermometers 

 for determining the bottom temperature at so many different 

 localities, does not require to be pointed out to any scientific 



It was part of the regular routine of a station to determine 



the temperature of the intermediate water from the surface 



n to 1500 fathoms at every hundredth fathom. In addition, 



that of the water between the surface and a depth of 100 



fathoms was generally determined at every tenth fathom. 



tunes it was determined at every twenty-fifth fathom 



from the surface to a depth of 300 fathoms. It was usual 



to use from six to eight thermometers on the line at once, 



hat the temperature at every hundredth fathom down 



to 1500 fathoms was effected in two operations. The tempera- 



<-r intervals, in the water near the surface, were 



determined also at the rate of eight per operation Therefore 



IM -Minn -, first 1500 fathoms 



