in the Twenty Years before 1895 81 



These observations were chiefly made in the months of August 

 and September, 1873, on the cruise from the Cape Verde 



Is to Fernando Noronha. From the point of view of 

 oceanic circulation, this is the most interesting portion of the 



ntic, and the results obtained were important and novel. 

 The following are worthy of being quoted: 



"'Challenger' Reports, Narrative I. p. 192. On August 16, 1873, 



anon loo, lat. 7i / N., long. 15 35' W., depth 2425 fathoms, in 



the Guinea current, the dingy was anchored by the sounding-line, and 



the surface current was found running X. 70 E. half a mile per hour. 



The current-drag at 50 fathoms indicated a set of 0-45 mile per hour 



N. 17 E. ; at 100 fathoms, N. 15 E., 0-3 mile per hour, and at 200 



fathoms, N. 17 E., o2 mile per hour. On the igth, at Station 101, lat. 



548'N., long. 14 20' W., depth 2500 fathoms, the cutter was anchored 



awl, and the surface current found running N.E. 1-3 mile per 



On the 2ist, at Station 102, lat. 3 8' N., long. 14 49' W. f depth 



2.450 fathoms, the dingy was anchored by the lead-line, and the surface 



nt was found running X.W. 1-25 mile per hour. On the 25th, at 



n 106, lat. i47'N., long. 24 26' W., depth 1850 fathoms, the 



cutter was anchored by the trawl, and the surface current at 10.30 A.M. 



; >und to be running west (true) 2 miles per hour; but in the afternoon 



its velocity had decreased to i mile per hour. The current-drag at 10 A.M., 



fathoms, showed no current; at 50 fathoms, a current of $ a mile 



per hour; and at 15 fathoms, J of a mile per hour, all to the west, thus 



\v very superficial the equatorial current was. On the 26th, 



at Station 107, lat. i22'N., long. 27 36' W., depth 1500 fathoms, the 



r was again anchored by the trawl, and the surface current found to 



be running west (true) 1-5 mile per hour; and it continued to run at that 



:t the day, instead of slackening in the afternoon, as on 



<> at Station 71. lat. 38 18' N., long. 34 48' W., depth 



1675 t ttion in the surface current over the day was observed, 



and was ascribed to tidal influence." 



<> observations gave absolute values for the cm 



1 at some depths below it in mid-ocean. They 



hat (In rate ;m<l direction of the current varies con- 



iblv with the distance from the sin ml that the 



it th- Mirface varies with the time of day, and is 



ject to a tidal influence. Although in the later 



the voyage the current observation, fn.m an am hored 



boat were not persevered in, no opportunity was I..M in n\ 



:<>n of the ship astronomic. ilk .it short intervals while 

 : the same position in the water at the various 

 B. in. 



