H2 On Similarities in the Physical Geography of Oceans 



locality. The one occurring on the western side of the South 

 Atlantic, which has just been described, may therefore be 

 appropriately called the Patagonian Uprise. 



Similarly the other homologous phenomena which have 

 been noticed in this paper may be named: 



The Peruvian Uprise on the west coast of South America. 



The Californian Uprise on the west coast of North 

 America. 



The New England Uprise on the east coast of North 

 America. 



The Morocco Uprise on the north-west coast of Africa: and 



The Somali Uprise on the east coast of Africa. 



Downthrows. The corresponding phenomenon of abnormally 

 warm water being found at the surface and descending to 

 greater depths may appropriately be called a Downthrow. 

 Important examples of downthrows are found on the homo- 

 logous coasts of Brazil and Australia, which are characterised 

 by the formation of Barrier coral reefs. 



Perhaps the most important as well as the most interesting 

 downthrow is that of the Sargasso Sea, which forms a vast 

 lake in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. The distri- 

 bution of temperature in this sea formed the subject of a paper 

 which was published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society in 

 the year 1875 and was reprinted as Paper III in the first 

 volume of my Scientific Papers, published by the Cambridge 

 University Press in 1913. It is due to the downthrow in this 

 region that the water, at a depth of 1000 fathoms from the 

 surface, has a higher temperature than is to be found in any 

 other part of the open ocean at the same depth. 



