. PASSERES — FRINGILLID.E — CARDUELIS. 167 



THE PINE FINCH. 



Carduelis pinus. 

 plate lix. fig. 136. • 



(STATE COLLECTION.) 



FringUla pinus. Wilson, Am. Orn. Vol. 2, p. 133, pi. 57, fig. 1. 



F. (Carduelis) pinus. Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. Vol. 2, p. 111. Audubon, fol.pl. 180. Nuttall, Man. 



Om. Vol. 1, p. 511. Peabody, Mass. Rep. p. 327. 

 Linaria pinus. Audubon, B. of A. Vol. 3, p. 123, pi. 180. 

 Chrysometris id. Bonapakte, Geog. and Comp. List, p. 33. 

 L. pinus, Pine Linnet. Giraud, Birds of Long island, p. 115. 



Characteristics. Varied with olive-brown and black ; beneath lighter. Wings dusky, 

 with one or more yellowish bars. Primaries except the first and tail- 

 feathers, edged with yellow. Length, 4j inches. 



Description. Bill short, conical, very acute. First and second quills subequal ; the 

 second slightly longest. Tail deeply emarginate ; the feathers much acuminated, being be- 

 velled on both vanes, 0*5 longer than the tips of the closed wings. 



Color. General color greenish olive brown. Wing-coverts edged with light rufous. Base 

 of the primaries broadly marked with sulphur-yellow on their outer webs ; then narrowly 

 edged with olive, and tipped with whitish : shafts dark brown or black. Upper and under 

 tail-coverts, and beneath the wings, yellow. Female, differs but little from the male ; the 

 yellow not so obvious, and more dusky beneath. 



Length, 4-5-5-0. Alar extent, 8-0-8-5. 



This modest colored little species has, like the preceding, a wide geographical range. They 

 have been observed from Maine to Georgia, during the autumn and winter. In this State, 

 I have noticed them from October to March, and have little doubt but that they may be con- 

 sidered here as permanent residents. They feed on the seeds of the thistle, pine, larch, etc. 

 It has been noticed as far north as the 52d parallel, and perhaps ranges still farther north. It 

 is usually treated as a northern species, extending its range southward during the winter ; 

 but its history as yet is incomplete. 



{EXTRA-LIMITAL.) 



C. magellanicus. (Aud. B. of A. Vol. 3, pi. 182.) Yellow. Crown, sides of the head and throat black. 



Wings and tail varied with yellow and black. Length, 4i inches. Ohio. Rare. 

 C. psallria. (Id. lb. pi. 183.) Greenish olive; beneath wholly yellow. Crown, wings and tail 



black : three outer tail-feathers white in the middle. Length, 4i inches. Arkansa, Louisiana. 

 C. mexicanus. (Id. lb. p. 184, yarrelli.) Yellow. Crown black. Olivaceous green above. Wings 



with two greenish yellow bands. Tail yellow on its basal half. Female : Crown olivaceous ; 



base of the quills and lateral tail-feathers white. Length, 4 inches. California. 

 C. stanleyi, (Id. lb. pi. 185.) Olivaceous. Bill thick. Wings and tail edged with white and 



yellowish white: two bright yellow bands on the wings. Length, 5 inches. California. 



