4 GROUPS AND ORDERS. 



Gaovp 11. Orary compound, 2-celled, Sepals and petals very irregular. Stamens monadelphous, the tube of filaments 

 split on one side; anthers opening by a terminal pore. Seeds albuminous. 



36. PoLTOALACEa;. Character the same as that of the group. 



Group 12. Ovary simple and solitary. Corolla papilionaceous or irregular, sometimes regular. Fruit a legume. Seeds 

 destitute of albumen. 



37. Lbocminosje : Suborder PapUionacea, Corolla papilionaceous, rarely almost regular ; the estivation imbricated. 



Stamens inserted with the petals on the base of the calyx. 



GroOP 13. Ovaries one or several, simple and distinct, or combined into a compound ovary, with two or more cells, and 

 the placentffi in the aiis. Flowers regular. Petals and (distinct) stamens inserted on the calyx. Albumen 

 none. 



38. Rosacea. Calyr (except in the suborder PoTnacea) free from the ovaries. Stamens usually numerous. Ovaries 



with solitary or few ovules. Styles distinct. Leaves alternate, usually with conspicuous stipules, 

 which very often adhere to the petiole. 



39. Mklastomackje. Calyx adhering to the angles of the ovary. Stamens 8 - 12. Anthers elongated, mostly 



appendaged and opening by pores j in aestivation, inflexed, and contained in tubular spaces formed 

 by the adhesion of the ovary with the nerves of the calyx. Leaves opposite, ribbed, not dotted. 



40. Ltthraceje. Cal3rx tubular, enclosing the 2 - 4-celIed ovary, but free from it. Stamens definite ; anthers 



opening longitudinally. Styles united into one. Capsule membraniaceous, the dissepiments often 

 obUterated. 



41. ONAGRACEiE. Calyx-tube adherent to the (usually 4-celled) ovary. Petals mostly 4, with as many or twice as 



many stamens. Styles united ; stigmas 4 or united. 



Group 14. Ovary compound, one-celled, with parietal placentte. Petals and stamens inserted in the throat of the calyx. 

 Flowers perfect. Calyx adherent to the ovary. 



42. Cactaceje. Sepals and petals numerous, confounded. Fruit baccate. — Succulent and usually leafless plants. 



43. GROsstTLACEJE. Calyx-lobes, petals and stamens 5. — Shrubs, mostly spiny or prickly. Leaves palmately lobed. 



Group 15. Ovary compound, with the calyx adherent. Fruit a pepo. Corolla usually monopetalous. Stamens di- 

 triadelphous ; anthers long, sinuous. 



44. CucuRBiTACEa:. Character same as that of the group. 



Grottp 16. Ovaries 2 or more, many-ovuled, distinct or more or less united. Calyx free from the ovary, or the tube 

 partly (rarely wholly) adherent to the ovary. Petals and staim ns (mostly definite) inserted on the calyx. 

 Seeds numerous, albuminous. 



45. CBASsuLACEa;. Calyx free. Ovaries always as many as the sepals, distinct, or rarely partly united, follicular 



in fruit. 



46. SAXiFRAGACEa:. Calyx often partly adherent. Ovaries mostly 2, usually united below, distinct at the summit 



GaOtJP 17. Ovary compound, 2- (rarely 3 - 5-) celled, with a single ovule suspended from the summit of each cell. 

 Stamens (with one exception) as many as the petals and lobes of the adherent calyx. 



47. HAMAMELACEa:. Summit of the ovary free. Capsule loculicidal. — Shrubs with alternate stipulate leaves. 



48. Umbellifer^. Styles 2. Carpels 2, separating at maturity. Albumen homy. — Herbs, with the inflorescence 



in umbels. 



49. Araliace^. Styles 3 to 15 (rarely 2). Carpels mostly baccate, not separable. Albumen fleshy. — Herbs with 



the inflorescence in umbels. 



50. CoRNACEJE. Flowers tetramerous. Styles united into one. Fruit a 2-ceUed drupe,— Trees or shrubs with 



opposite leaves. Flowers in cymes. 



