RuBTis. ROSACEA. 215 



inches long, green and smooth above, densely pubescent and whitish underneath ; the terminal 

 one often cordate, and elevated on a partial stalk about one-third of an inch long. Flowers 

 small, in leafy panicles at the extremity of the branches. Calyx woolly; the segments 

 lanceolate, very acute. Petals white. Fruit bright red, very juicy, and having much the 

 flavor and appearance of the common Garden Raspberry {R. Idceus), but more tender. 



Rocky hill-sides ; very common in the northern and western parts of the State, and also 

 on the Hudson River above Peekskill. May. 



4. RuBus occiDENTALis, Linn. Black Raspberry. Thimhle-berry. 



Stem shrubby, recurved, glaucous, armed with hooked prickles ; leaves mostly 3-foliolate ; 

 leaflets ovate, acuminate, coarsely and doubly serrate or incised, whitish-tomentose underneath ; 

 peduncles terminal, the pedicels short, in an umbellate corymb ; petals obovate-cuneate, shorter 

 than the reflexed sepals; fruit dark purple. — Linn. sp. 1. p. 493 ; Michx. fl. 1. p. 297 ; 

 Tursh, fl.l. p. 347 ; Torr. fl.l. p. 489 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. p. 198 ; Hook. fl. Bar. -Am. 1. 

 p. 178 (excl. ^.); Beck, hot. p. 102; Darlingt. fl. Cest.p. 306; Torr. ^ Gr. fl. N.Am. 1. 

 p. 453. R. Idaeus, fructu nigro. Dill. Elth. t. 247. 



Stems long and slender, often arching and recurved to the ground, the summits taking root, 

 covered with a fine glaucous powder which easily rubs off. Leaves sometimes 5-foliolate : 

 leaflets 2-4 inches long, the under surface covered with a short very close white pubescence. 

 Flowers small. Petals white, sometimes emarginate, erect. Fruit dark purple or almost 

 black , the grains sometimes covered with a grayish mealy substance ; pretty well flavored, 

 but rather dry and seedy. 



Borders of woods and along fences ; very common. Fl. May. Fr. June - July. 



§ 2. (Blackberry.) Carpels persistent on the somewhat juicy receptacle : fruit mostly ovate or oblong. 



5. RuBus viLLosus, Ait. Common Blackberry. 



Stem sufiruticose, erect or reclined, angular, armed with stout curved prickles ; branches, 

 peduncles and lower surface of the leaves tomenlose-villous and glandular ; leaves trifoliolate 

 or pedately 5-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, doubly or unequally serrate ; stipules linear or subulate ; 

 peduncles many-flowered, the flowers racemose ; bracts many times shorter than the pedicels ; 

 sepals with an abrupt linear acumination, much shorter than the obovate-oblong spreading 

 petals ; fruit large, black. — Ait. Kew. (ed. 1.) 2. p. 210 ; Michx. fl. 2. p. 297 ; Pursh,fl. 1, 

 p. 346 ; Bigel. med. hot. t. 38, and fl. Bost. p. 199 ; Ell. sk. I. p. 567 ; Bart. veg. mat. med. 

 t. 39 ; Torr. fl. 1. p. 487 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 179 ; Beck, hot. p. 103 ; Darlingt. fl. 

 Cest. p. 307 ; Torr. 4- Gr. fl. N. Am. 1. p. 454. 



yax.frondosus: much less glandular, smoother; stems erect or inclined ; leaflets incisely 

 serrate; flowers fewer, corymbose, with leafy bracts. Torr.fl. I. c. ; Torr. <^ Gr. I. c. R. 

 feondosus, Bigel, I. c. ; Beck, I. c. 



var. humifusus : stems procumbent or trailing ; leaves smaller ; peduncles 1 - 5-flowered. 

 Torr. 4- Gr. I. c. 



