Cynthia. COMPOSITE. 411 



Root not tuberiferous. Stems 12-18 inches high, often several from one root, nearly 

 naked, usually once or twice forked. Radical leaves 2-5 inches long, variable, sometimes 

 nearly entire. Peduncles 1-3 inches long, commonly about three together, with two small 

 unequal clasping bracteal leaves at the base, sometimes a little hairy below the heads. In- 

 volucre often calyculate, with one or two subulate bracteoles at the base ; scales linear- 

 lanceolate, nerveless, acute. Flowers orange-yellow. Achenia smooth, finely striate. Pappus 

 very rough, brittle. 



Open woods, meadows, etc. ; not rare, except in the interior of the State. May - July. 



48. CICHORIUM. Tourn. ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 84. SUCCORY. 



[ Supposed to be derived from chUouryek, the Arabic name of the plant.] 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; the exterior of about five short spreading scales ; 

 the inner of 8 - 10 scales. Achenia somewhat compressed, striate, smooth. Pappus of 

 numerous very small chaffy scales. — Branching herbs, with toothed or runcinate radical 

 leaves. Heads axillary and nearly sessile, or terminal. Flowers bright blue, sometimes 

 varying to white. 



1 . CiCHORiUM Intybus, Linn. Wild Succory, or Chicory. 



Radical leaves runcinate ; the cauline, small, partly clasping ; heads sessile, mostly 2-3 

 together. — Engl. hot. t. 539 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 496 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. p. 285 ; Darlingt. fl. 

 Cest. p. 440 ; Torr. ^ Gr. fl. N. Am. 2. p. 472. 



Root perennial, somewhat fusiform. Stem 2-3 feet high, with numerous long branches, 

 rough and hairy. Radical leaves 4-8 inches long, resembling those of the Dandelion ; stem- 

 leaves smaller, cordate, more or less sinuate-toothed. Heads mostly by pairs, sessile on the 

 sides of the branches, large and showy. Involucre glandular-ciliate and somewhat viscid. 

 Flowers mostly bright blue, but often very pale purple or almost white. 



Pastures, road-sides and meadows ; rather common. Introduced from Europe. August - 

 September. In France, this plant is cultivated as a winter salad. The roots of a particular 

 variety are also dried and roasted, when they are used to mix with coffee, to adulterate it, or, 

 as some assert, to improve its flavor. 



62* 



