412 COMPOSITiE. Hieracium. 



Subtribe 2. Lactuck^, Cass. Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus capillary ; the bristles mostly 

 soft or fragile, not dilated or thickened at the base, nor plumose. 



49. HIERACIUM. Tourn.; DC. prodr. 7. p. 202. Bawk-weed. 



I From the Greek, hierax, a hawk ; from a strange notion, formerly very prevalent, that hawkg and other birjg of prey 



used the juice of this plant to improve their sight.] 



Heads many-flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated, or only in two series ; the outer 

 series short and somewhat calyculate. Receptacle alveolate, or slightly pitted and fimbril- 

 late. Achenia oblong, terete or somewhat clavate, not beaked, striate or ribbed. Pappus 

 in a single series, bristly, rough, brittle, brownish white or fuscous. — Perennial herbs, with 

 entire or toothed leaves. Flowers yellow. 



§ 1. EuHiERACiuM, Torr. & Gr. Involucre imbricated : achenia usually tapering towards the base, 



but not towards the summit. ^ 



1. Hieracium Canadense, Michx. Sharp-toothed Hawkweed. 



Stem erect, simple or sparingly branched above, leafy ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, oblong 

 or ovate-lanceolate, acute, remotely and often incisely serrate with sharp and spreading teeth, 

 the upper ones somewhat clasping ; heads corymbose, on rigid thick peduncles ; involucre 

 smoothish, the exterior scales mostly spreading in fruit. — Michx. fl. 2. p. 86 ; Monnier, ess. 

 Hier. p. 37 ; Torr. <^ Gr. fl. N. Am. 2. p. 475. H. virgatum, fasciculatum and macro- 

 phyllum, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 504. H. Kalmii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 646 ; Bigel.fl. Bost. p. 288 ; 

 Torr. compend. p. 280 ; Beck, bot. p. 166, not oi Linn. 



Stem 1-2 feet high, rigid, stout, smoothish or a little pubescent ; the peduncles downy. 

 Leaves numerous, 2-4 inches long and from half an inch to more than an inch wide, rather 

 thick and rigid, smooth above, somewhat pubescent, especially on the veins underneath, 

 sparingly dentate with sharp spreading or divaricate teeth. Heads rather large, in a simple 

 or compound corymbose panicle ; the peduncles downy, or somewhat hispid with a stellate 

 pubescence. Flowers pale yellow; the corolla strongly 5-toothed at the extremity. 



Dry fields, borders of woods, etc. Highlands of Now- York, and in the western parts of 

 the State ; rare. July - August. Easily distinguished I'rom all the following species by its 

 few large heads, rigid peduncles, and strongly toothed leaves. 



§2. Stenotheca, Moun. Involucre cylindrical ; the inner scales in a single series ; the others few, 

 short and calyculate : achenia columnar or fusiform. 



2. Hieracium scabrum, Michx. Rough Hawktoeed. 



Stem stout, leafy, rough above, hispid below ; panicle oblong or elongated, mostly compound, 

 at length fastigiate-corymbose ; leaves mostly obovate or oval, entire or somewhat denticulate, 



