216 PAWING. 



couragement which can be given ; and on no account should he 

 be taught to make those rushes which are so commonly seen 

 on the road, from the improper use of whip and spur. If pun- 

 ishment is necessary at all, it must be used beforehand ; bat it 

 often happens that the rider cannot spare his whip-hand until 

 the shying is over ; and then, in his passion, he does not reflect 

 that the time has passed for its employment. 



Shying on coming out of the stable is a habit that can rarely 

 or never be cured. It proceeds from the remembrance of some 

 ill-usage or hurt which the animal has received in the act of 

 proceeding from the stable, such as striking his head against a 

 low door- way, or entangling the harness. 



When the cure, however, is early attempted, it may be so far 

 overcome that it will be unattended with danger or difficulty. 

 The horse should be bridled when led out or in. He should be 

 held short and tight by the head, that he may feel that he has 

 not liberty to make a leap, and this of itself is often sufficient 

 to restrain him. Punishment, or a threat of it, will be highly 

 improper. It is only timid or higli-spirited horses that acquire 

 the habit, and rough usage invariably increases their agitation 

 and terror. 



PAWING. 



Some hot and irritable horses are restless even in the stable, 

 and paw fiequently and violently. Their litter is destroyed, 

 the floor of the stable broken up, the shoes worn out, the feet 

 bruised, and the legs sometimes sprained. If this habit does 

 not exist to any great extent, yet the stable never looks well. 

 Shackles are the only remedy, with a chain sufficiently long to 

 anable the horse to shift his posture, or move in his stall ; but 



