TREPHTNTNa 345 



LITHOTOMY. 



Operations for stone in the bladder of the horse have been 

 practised since 11*14, and in many cases very successfully. In 

 performing this operation, an ordinary scalpel, a probe-poinled 

 bistoury, a fluted whalebone staff, and a pair of curved forcei^s 

 are necessary. The animal should be placed upon his back with 

 the hind legs drawn well forward ; a whalebone staff is passed 

 up the urethra, which may be felt a little below the anus ; an 

 incision, one and a half or two inches in length is made directly 

 upon it, obliquely to one side, cutting through the urethra and 

 the neck of the bladder ; the forceps are next introduced, and 

 the stone removed ; after which the parts are carefully closed 

 by means of the quill suture, which in this operation is far su- 

 perior to the interrupted one, as it more effectually prevents the 

 dribbling of urine through the wound, which always occurs with 

 the interrupted one, and therefore causes a more speedy union 

 of the parts. 



TBEPHINING. 



This operation consists in cutting out circular pieces of bone 

 with a circular saw, called a trephine, and is most generally 

 performed in cases of fracture of the skull, or face. The bone 

 removed must be from the sound part contiguous to the frac- 

 ture, so as to enable an elevator to be passed inside of the cra- 

 nial case, for the purpose of pushing back the broken bone to 

 its proper place, and removing all detached pieces. This ope- 

 ration is also performed in cases of ozena, by removing a piece 

 of bone over the frontal sinuses, situated immediately between 

 the eyes, in order to expose the diseased parts at once, that they 

 may be washed with proper injections. 



