12f. NASAL POLYPUS. 



« The maxillary gland (gland of the lower jaw) with its duct. 



t The jugular (neck) vein, after the two branches have united. 



It At this letter, the submaxillary artery, a branch of the jugular, and the parotid duct, past 



under and within ine tingle of the lower jaw ; they come out again at w, and cUnib up 



the cheek to be distributed over the lace, 

 t) The vein and artery, passing under the zygomatic arch. 

 X A branch of the lifih pair, tlie sensitive nerve of the face, emerging from under the parotid 



gland. 

 y The main branch of the portio dura (hard portion) of the seventh pair, the motor (moving) 



nerve of the face coining out from beneath the parotid gland, to spread over the face, 

 s Branches of both nerves, with small blood-vessels. 



There arc also four distinct cartllaffcs attached to the nostrils, which, by their 

 elasticity, bring back the nostrils to their former dimensions, as soon as the muscles 

 cease to act. The bones of the nose (a a, p. 70, and^. 7'2) are also sharpened off to 

 a point, to g'ive wider range for the action of the muscles ; while the cartilages are 

 so contrived, as not only to discharge the office we have mentioned, but to protect 

 this projection of bone from injur}'. 



There are two circumstances, which, more than any others, will enable the veteri- 

 narjf surgeon, and the owner of a horse, accurately to judge of the character and 

 degree of many diseases, and to which verj' few persons pay sufTicient attention ; 

 these are the pulse, of which we shall presently speak, and the colour of the mem- 

 brane of the nose. It is the custom of most veterinary surgeons and horsemen to lift 

 the upper eyelid, and to form their opinion by the colour which its lining presents. 

 If it is very red, there is considerable fever ; — if it is of a pale pinkish hue, there is 

 little danger. The nose, however, is more easily got at ; — the surface presented to 

 the view is more extensive ; — its sympathy with almost all the important organs is 

 greater ; — and the changes produced by disease are more striking and more conclu- 

 sive. Let ine reaiier nrsi make himself well acquainted with the uniform pale pink 

 appearance ot mat "oriion of the membrane which covers the lower part (jf the car- 

 tilaginous nartition between the nostrils, when the horse is in health and quiet; then 

 the increase-', blush ■^^ red. betokening some excitement of the sj'stem — the streaked 

 appearance of inflammation commenced, and threatening to increase — the intense 

 florid red, of acute inflammation — the pale grotmd with jiatcbcs of vivid red, showing 

 the half-subdued, but stili existing fever — the uniform colour, althouo-h somewhat 

 redder than natural, predicting a return to healthy circulation — the paleness approach- 

 ing to white, markinof the stage of debility, and sometimes intermiroled with radia- 

 tions of crimson, inducing the suspicion of lurking mischief; and the dark livid 

 colour of approaching stagnation of the \\x-a\ current. These, with all their shades 

 of difference, will be the guides to his opinion and treatment, which every one, Avho 

 has studied them, will highly appreciate. 



NASAL POLYPUS. 



By the polypus, is meant an excrescence or tumour, varying in size, structure, and 

 consistence, and attached by a pedicle to a mucous surface. The true polypus is 

 attached to mucous membranes, and is usually found in the nostrils, the pharj'nx, the 

 uterus, or the vagina. Tumours have been seen lianging loose in the veins and ven- 

 tricles of the heart ; and in the larger blood-vessels there have been accumulations of 

 the fibrine of the blood, with peduncular attachments. 



The nasal polypus usually adheres to some portion of the superior turbinated bone, 

 or it has come from seme of the sinuses connected with that cavity. It escaped, 

 while small, through the valvular opening under the superior turbinated bone, into the 

 cavity of the nose, and there attained its full growth. 



No better account, however, can be given of the cause of their appearance, than 

 that of tumours in ether parts of the body. They evidently have a constitutional 

 origin: they are fre(]uently hereditary, and the animal in which they have once 

 appeared, is subject to a return of th(Mn. 



By some means, probably the increasing weight of the tumnvir, and heini in a 

 dependent situation, the poly])us is gradually detached from its base, and forces with 

 it the soft and easily distensible membrane of the nose. As it continues to descend, 

 this portion of membrane is farther elongated, and forms the pedicle or loot of tiie 



