GALLOWAYS AXD TONIES. 103 



The next in si/e are sold as u-afjgon-liorscs ; and a smaller variety, and with 

 more blood, constitutes a considerable part of our cavalry, and is likewise 

 devoted to undertakers' work. 



All our heavy draught horses, and some even of the lighter kind, have 

 been lately much crossed by the Flanders breed, and vnth evident improve- 

 ment. Little has been lost in depth and bulk of carcase ; but the forehand 

 has been raised, the legs have been flattened and deepened, and very much 

 has been gained in activity. The slow heavy black, with his two miles 

 and a half an hour, has been changed into a lighter, but yet exceedingly 

 powerful horse, that w411 step four miles in the same time, with perfect 

 ease, and has considerably more endurance. 



This is the very system, as already described, Avhich has been adopted, 

 and with so much success, in the blood horse, and has made the English 

 racer and hunter, and the EngKsh horse generally, what they are. As the 

 racer is principally or purely of Eastern origin, so has the English draught 

 horse sprung chiefly from Flemish blood, and to that blood the agricul- 

 turist has recourse for the perfection of the breed. For the dray, the sjjirit 

 waggon, and not too heavy loads, and for road work generally, a cross wdth 

 the Flanders will be advantageous ; but if the enormous heavy horse must 

 be used in the coal-waggon, or the dray, Ave must leave our midland black, 

 w4th all his unwaeldy bulk untouched. 



As an ordinary beast of lighter draught, and particularly in the neigh- 

 bourhood of London, the worn-out hackney, and the refuse of the coach, 

 and even of the hackney-coach, is used. In the hay-markets of Wliite- 

 chapel and Camden Town are continually seen wretched teams that would 

 disgrace the poorest district of the poorest country. They who are unac- 

 quainted with this part of the country, would scarcely think it possible, 

 that on the forests and commons within a few miles of London, as many 

 ragged, Avild, mongrel horses are to be found as in any district of the 

 United Kingdom, and a good horse is scai-cely by any chance bred there. 



GALLOWAYS AND PONIES. 



A horse betw^een thirteen and fourteen hands in height is called a 

 Galloway, from a beautiful breed of little horses once found in the south 

 of Scotland, on the shore of the Solway Firth, but now^ sadly degenerated, 

 and almost lost, through the attempts of the farmer to obtain a larger 

 kind, and better adapted for the purposes of agriculture. There is a 

 tradition in that country, that the breed is of Spanish extraction, some 

 horses having escaped from one of the vessels of the Grand Ai'mada, 

 that Avas Avrecked on the neighbouring coast. This district, however, so 

 early as the time of Edward I., supplied that monarch with a great number 

 of horses. 



The pure galloway was said to be nearly fourteen hands high, and 

 sometimes more ; of a bright bay, or brOAvn, Avith black legs, small head 

 and neck, and peculiarly deep and clean legs. Its qualities Avere speed, 

 stoiitness, and sure-footedness OA^er a very rugged and mountainous country. 



Some remains of the old galloAvays are still to be met Avith in the Isle 

 of Mull ; but they are altogether neglected, and fast degenerating from 

 admixture Avith inferior breeds. 



Dr. Anderson thus describes the galloAvay : — ' There was once a breed 

 of small elegant horses in Scotland, similar to those of Iceland and 

 SAveden, and which Avere knoAvn by the name of galloAvays ; the best of 

 which sometimes reached the height of fourteen hands and a half. One 

 of this description I possessed, it having been boixght for my use Avhen a 

 boy. In point of elegance of shape it Avas a perfect picture ; and in 



