200 NASAL POLITUS. 



k The buccinator (trumpeter), from the inside of the mouth and cheeks, to the angle of 

 the mouth, to draw it back. 



/ The nasalis longus lahii superioris (belonging to the nose and upper lip), from a depres- 

 sion at the junction of the superior maxillary, lachrymal, and malar bones to the 

 upper lip : to raise the lip and dilate the nostrils. 



m n Levator lubii superioris alieqiie nasi, from the junction of the lachrymal, nasal, and 

 superior maxillary bones, to the upper lip and false nostril: to raise the lip and 

 dilate the nostriL 



o Hetractor lahii inferioris (puller back of the under lip), to the sides of the inferior maxilla 

 and under lip : to draw it back. 



p Orbicularis oris (circular muscle of the mouth), surrounding the mouth : to close the 

 lips. 



q The upper portion of the parotid gland (gland near the enr) reversed, to show the blood- 

 vessels and nerves beneath it. 



r The parotid duct piercing the cheek, to discharge the saliva into the mouth. 



s The maxillary gland (gland of the lower jaw) witii its duct. 



t The jugular (neck) vein, after the two branches have united. 



u At this letter, the submaxillary artery, a branch of the jugular, and the parotid duct 

 pass under and within the angle of the lower jaw ; they come out again at w, and 

 cLmb up the cheek. 



V The temporal vein and artery, passing under the zygomatic arch. 



X y The motor nerves of the face, emerging from under the parotid gland. 



z Branches of both nerves, with small blood-vessels. 



NASAL POLYPUS. 



By a polj^jus is meant an excrescence or tumour, varying in size, 

 structure, and consistence, and attaclied by a pedicle to a mucous surface. 

 The true polypus is attached to mucous membranes, and is usually found 

 in the nostrils, the pharynx, the uterus, or the vagina. Tumours have 

 been seen hanging loose in the veins and ventricles of the heart ; and in 

 the larger blood-vessels there have been accumulations of the fibrine of the 

 blood, with peduncular attachments. 



The nasal polypus usually adheres to some portion of the superior turbi- 

 nated bone, or it has come from some of the sinuses connected with that 

 cavity. It escaped, while small, tlirough the valvular opening under the 

 superior turbinated bone into the ca^^.ty of the nose, and there attained 

 its full growth. 



N'o better account, however, can be given of the cause of their appear- 

 ance than that of tumours in other parts of the body. They evidently 

 have a constitutional origin : they are frequently hereditary, and the 

 animal in which they have once appeared is subject to a return of them. 



By some means, probably the increasing weight of the tumour, and being 

 in a dependent situation, the polypus is gradually detached from its base, 

 and forces with it the soft and easily distensible membrane of the nose. 

 As it continues to descend, this portion of membrane is farther elongated, 

 and forms the pedicle or root of the tumour ; — if that may be termed a 

 root which is a mere duphcate of its investing membrane. 



The polypus, when it hangs free in the nasal cavity, is usually of a pyri- 

 form or pear-like shape ; and it varies in weight, from a few drachms to 

 three or four pounds. 



How is the surgeon to proceed ? Can he lay hold of the polypus by 

 the finger, or the forceps, or (for these tumours do not possess much sensi- 

 bility) the tenaculiim ? To ascertain this, he will cast the horse, and fix 

 the head in a position to take the greatest advantage of the light. If he 

 cannot fairly get at the tumour by any of these means, he will let it alone. 

 It will continue to grow — the membrane constituting the pedicle will 

 be lengthened — and the polypus will at length descend, and be easily 

 got at. Time and patience will effect wonders in tliis and many similar 

 cases. 



