•20G (ILAXDERS. 



by the peculiar inflammation there existing, is absoi-bed ; and as it is con- 

 veyed along the lymphatics, in order to arrive at the place of its destina- 

 tion, it inflames them, and causes them to enlarge and suppurate. There 

 is, however, a peculiarity accompanying the inflammation which they take 

 from the absorption of the virus of glanders. They are rarely large, 

 except at first, or hot, or tender ; but they are characterised by a singular 

 hardness, a proximity to the jaw-bone, and, frequently, actual adhesion to 

 ib. The adhesion is produced by the inflammatory action going forward 

 in the gland, and the efiusion of coagulable lymph. This hardness and 

 adhesion accompanying discharge from the nostril, and being on the same 

 side with the nostril whence the discharge proceeds, afford proof not to be 

 controverted that the horse is glaudered. Notwithstanding this, however, 

 there are cases in which the glands are neither adherent nor much en- 

 larged, and yet there is constant discharge from one or both nostrils. The 

 veterinary surgeon would have little hesitation in pronouncing them to be 

 cases of glanders. He will trust to the adhesion of the gland, but he will 

 not be misled by its looseness, nor even by its absence altogether. 



Glanders has often been confounded with strangles, and by those who 

 ought to have known better. Strangles are pecuhar to young horses. The 

 early stage resembles common cold, with some degree of fever and sore 

 throat — generally with distressing cough, or at least frequent wheezing ; 

 and when the enlargement appears beneath the jaw, it is not a single small 

 gland, but a swelling of the whole of the substance between the jaws, 

 growing harder towards the centre, and, after a while, appearing to 

 contain a fluid, and breaking. In strangles the membrane of the nose will 

 be intensely red, and the discharge from the nose profuse and purulent, or 

 mixed with matter almost from the first. When the tumour has burst, the 

 fever will abate, and the horse will speedily get well. 



Should the discharge from the nose continue, as it sometimes does, for 

 a considerable time after the horse has recovered from strangles, there is 

 no cause for fear. Simple strangles need never degenerate into glanders. 

 Good keep, and small doses of tonic medicine, will gradually perfect the 

 cure. 



Glanders has been confounded with catarrh or cold ; but the distinc- 

 tion between them is plain enough. Fever, and loss of appetite and sore 

 throat, accompanpng cold — the quidding of the food and gulping of the 

 water are sufficient indications of the latter of these ; the discharge from 

 the nose is profuse, and perhaps purulent ; the glands under the jaw, if 

 swelled, are moveable, there is a thickening around them, and they are 

 tender and hot. With proper treatment the fever abates ; the cough dis- 

 appears ; the swelHngs under the throat subside ; and the discharge from 

 the nose gradually ceases, or, if it remains, it is usually very different 

 from that which characterises glanders. In glanders there is seldom cough 

 of any consequence, and generally no cough at all. 



A running from the nose, small in quantity, and, from the smallness of 

 its quantity, drying about the edges of the nostril, and presenting some 

 appearance of stickiness, wdll, in a few cases, remain after severe catarrh, 

 and especially after the influenza of spring ; and these have gradually 

 assumed the character of glanders, and more particularly when they have 

 been accompanied by enlarged glands and ulceration in the nose. Here 

 the aid of a judicious veterinary surgeon is indispensable ; and he will 

 Bometimes experience considerable difficulty in deciding the case. One 

 circumstance will principally gaiide him. No disease -will run on to 

 glanders which has not, to a considerable and palpable degree, impaired 

 and broken down the constitution ; and every disease that does this will 

 run un to glanders. He will look then to the general state and condition 



