THE BLADDER. g.^O 



Tlie iodide of ii-on, in 5j to 5ij doses repeated every twelve hours, nuiy be 

 given for a few days. 



BLOODY URINE — HiEMATUEIA. 



The discharge of urine of tlois character is of occasional occurrence. 

 Pure blood is sometimes discharged which immediately coagulates — at 

 other times it is more or less mixed with the urine, and does not coagulate. 

 The cause of its appearance and the source whence it proceeds cannot 

 always be determined, but it is probably the result of some strain or blow. 

 It may or may not be accompanied by inflammation. 



Should it be the result of strain or violence, or bo evidently attended by 

 inflammation, soothing and depleting measui'es should be adopted. Perhaps 

 counter-irritation on the loins might be useful. If there is no apparent 

 inflammation, some gentle stimulus may be administered internally. 



ALBUMINOUS URINE. 



A peculiar mucous state of the urine of some horses has lately attracted 

 attention. It has been associated with stx-etcliing out of the legs, stiffness, 

 disinclination to move, a degree of fever, and costiveness. Slight bleeding, 

 mild physic, the application of gentle stimulants to the loins, quietness, 

 and gentle opiates have been of service. We are indebted to Mr. Percivall 

 for what we do know of the disease. It is a subject worthy of the attention 

 of the veterinary surgeon, 



THE BLADDER. 



The urine separated from the blood by the kidneys is discharged by the 

 minute vessels, of which we have spoken, into some larger canals, which ter- 

 minate in a cavity or reservoir in the body of each kidney, designated its 

 pelvis. Thence it is conveyed by a duct called the ureter, to a larger reservoir, 

 the bladder ; this duct does not dii'ectly perforate the coats of the bladdei", 

 but enters obliquely one coat after another, thus forming a perfect obstruc- 

 tion to the return of the ui-ine. 



The bladder lies in, and when distended by urine, nearly fills the cavity 

 of the great bones of the haunch, termed the pelvis. It has tkree coats, 

 the outer one covering the greater part (the anterior portion) of it, and 

 being a continuation of the peritoneum : the muscular, consisting of two 

 layers of fibres, as in the stomach ; the external, running longitudinally, 

 and the inner circularly, so that it may yield to the pressure of the urine 

 as it enters, and contract again into an exceedingly small space as it runs 

 out, and by that contraction assist in the expulsion of the urine. The 

 inner coat contains numerous little glands, which secrete a mucous fluid 

 to defend the bladder from th.e acrimony of the urine. The bladder ter- 

 minates in a small neck, round which is a strong muscle, called the 

 sphincter or closing muscle, keeping the passage closed, and retaining the 

 urine ujitil, at the will of the animal, or when the bladder contains a 

 certain quantity of fluid, the muscular coat begins to contract, the dia- 

 phragm is rendered convex towards the intestines, and presses them on 

 the bladder, and by these united powers, the sphincter muscles becoming 

 relapsed, the fluid is forced through the neck of the bladder, and escapes, 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 



There are two varieties of this disease, inflammation of the body of the 

 bladder, and of its neck. The symptoms are nearly the same as those of 

 inflammation of the kidney, except that instead of a total suppression of 

 urine, it is voided very ft'equently and in small quantities, and there is 

 heat felt in the rectum over the situation of the bladder. The causes are 



z2 



