FRACTURES. 445 



for another purpose. A fracture of this kind is generally accompanied by 

 a laceration of the membrane of the nose, and considerabls liEemorrliage, 

 which, however, may generally be arrested by the application of cold 

 water. The fractured portion of bone is usually depressed, and, the 

 space for breathing being diminished, difficulty of respiration occurs. The 

 author had a case of fracture of both nasal bones. He was enabled to 

 elevate the depressed parts, but the inflammation and swelling were so 

 great, that the animal was threatened ^dth suffocation. The operation of 

 tracheotomy was resorted to, and the animal did well. 



If there is fracture of the nasal bones with depression, and only a 

 little way from the central arch and the section between the nostrds, a 

 slightly curved steel rod may be cautiously introduced into the passage, 

 and the depressed portions carefully raised. If this cannot be effected, tho 

 trephine must be applied a little above or below the fracture, and tho 

 elevator or steel rod be introduced through the aperture. If the fracture 

 is in any other part of the bone, it will be impossible to reach, it with the 

 elevator, for the turbinated bones are in the way. The trephine must 

 then be resorted to in the first instance. The wound, if there is any, must 

 be covered, and a compress kept on it. 



A wi'iter in a French journal relates a case in which a horse was violently 

 kicked, and there was a contused wound vsdth depression of bone. 

 The trepliine was applied. Fifteen splinters were extracted, and the case 

 terminated well. It, nevertheless, too often happens that, in these injuries 

 of the nasal membrane, the inflammation will obstinately continue in 

 despite of all that the surgeon can do, and an obstinate and almost incur- 

 able nasal gleet will result. 



If, however, this do not appear, some portion of bone may remain 

 depressed, or the membrane may be thickened by inflammation. The 

 nasal passage will then be obstructed, and a difficulty of breathing, re- 

 sembling roaring, will ensue. 



The superior maxillary or upper jaw-bone will occasionally be frac- 

 tured. Mr. Cartwright had a case in which it was fractui'ed by a kick at 

 the situation where it unites with the lachrymal and malar bones. He 

 applied the trephine, and removed many small pieces of bone. The wound 

 was then covered by adhesive plaster, and in a month, the parts were 

 healed. 



Mr. Clayworth speaks of a mare who, being ridden almost at speed, fell 

 and fractured the upper jaw, three inches above the corner incisors. The 

 front teeth and jaw were turned like a hook completely within the 

 lower ones. She was cast, a balling iron put into her mouth, and the 

 surgeon, exerting considerable force, pulled the teeth outward into their 

 former and proper situation. She was then tied up so that she could not 

 rub her muzzle against anything, and was well fed with bean-meal, and 

 linseed tea. Much inflammation ensued, but it gTadually subsided, and, 

 at the expiration of the sixth week, the mouth was quite healed, and 

 scarcely a vestige of the fracture remained. 



A very extraordinary and almost incredible account of a fracture of the 

 superior maxillaiy bone is given in the records of the Royal and Central 

 Society of Agriculture in France. A horse was kicked by a companion. 

 There was fracture of the upper part of the superior maxillary and 

 zygomatic bones, and the eye was almost forced out of the socket. Few 

 men would have dared to undertake a fracture like this, but M. Revel 

 shrank not from his duty. He removed several small splinters of bone 

 — replaced the larger bones — returned the eye to its socket — confined 

 the parts by means of sufficient sutures — slung the horse, and rendered 



