86 BETTER DAIRY FARMING 



level, with the thurls high and wide apart. The whole nutrition of 

 the dairy cow is directed to the udder to make milk. A large quan- 

 tity of milk cannot be manufactured in a small udder and a large 

 udder will not develop unless there is room for it. The backbone 

 must be carried on a level clear up to the tail head and no sloping 

 in the rump can be allowed. The pin bones should be wide apart 

 in order that the calf may be delivered without difficulty. Some 

 men say that cows with a sloping rump will give just as much milk 

 as cows with level rump. We cannot allow sloping rumps even if 

 this were so because in each breed we must have uniformity of 

 type and straight backs and level rumps must be held to. We must 

 not neglect uniformity in type even to gain in production. There 

 is much in the beauty of animals and beauty can be maintained 

 without loss in production if we will establish an ideal and breed to 

 it. Beauty and production are both possible. 



The tail should be long and fine with a good switch. The 

 boniness of the tail helps to indicate the openness of structure. 

 Good dairy cows when mature are open and rangy in conformation. 



137. Dairy type, not beef .—The thighs must be long and thin 

 and widely separated. There must be no evidence of meatiness as 

 in the beef cow. In the dairy cow we need room between the thighs 

 for the udder. In the beef cow we need thickness of the thighs in 

 order to get a large amount of meat. Right here is one of the 

 great differences between the beef and the dairy type. The udder 

 is hung between the thighs and a big udder must have room. The 

 hind legs should be straight and carried well apart for the same 

 reasons. The legs must be clean with good bone. 



The Udder and Milk Veixs 



We now come to the most important parts of our ideal cow, 

 the udder and milk veins. First, we must learn just what the 

 udder is and what it does. With the exception of what we get in 

 the way of income from the offspring, the whole product of the 

 dairy cow comes through the udder. This milk is derived from the 

 blood in two glands, one on each side, which go to make up the 

 udder. Therefore we see what a wonderful thing the udder of an 



