130 BETTER DAIRY FARMING 



as a cow. The neck will be heavier than that of the dairy cow 

 and should show some arch. The throat will be fuller and the 

 head somewhat heavier with thicker and shorter horns. The face 

 and eyes and muzzle should exhibit many of the same character- 

 istics as found in the dairy cow. 



A bull does not have the same wedge shape that is found in the 

 dairy cow, but he must have the same straight back. The hips 

 will not be as prominent nor the rump quite so wide. He must 

 have a strong back and there must be no droop in the rump or sag- 

 in the loin. A bull must show no tendency to lay on flesh. This is 

 very important. The hind-quarters should be lean and muscular 

 and the thighs not fleshy but well separated. Good depth of flank 

 in front of the thighs is a fine thing to see. 



197. Size. — Large size is to be preferred if it is associated with 

 quality and not with exceedingly large bone and coarseness. Size 

 and weight should not be secured through fleshiness. 



A dairy bull should show an active, nervous disposition with 

 little evidence of sluggishness. Sluggishness in a young bull is 

 likely to indicate that he will take little exercise and will be slow 

 in service as he gets older. 



Many of the readers of this book will probably be forced to 

 choose their bulls while the animals are young which makes the 

 problem doubly hard. Therefore, in the young calves, look for 

 indications of constitution, capacity and quality. Long, level, 

 wide rumps and comparatively thin thighs must be insisted upon. 



198. See the dam.— Wherever possible, the dam of the bull 

 should be seen, and, of course, the pedigree should be studied and 

 if money is available a bull should be purchased with as high a 

 record on the part of the dam, maternal grandam and dam of the 

 sire as can be found. The records of the dams close up in the pedi- 

 gree are the ones likely to have the most influence and certainly as 

 much as possible should be found out about the individualit}' of 

 the first four animals in the pedigree, as it is possible to find out. 

 Particularly, should one find out about the conformation of the 

 udders of the nearest dams; whether their fore-udders were well 

 developed; whether the quality of the udder is right and placing 



