OTHER GRAINS AND THEIR BY-PRODUCTS 227 



repeatedly proven according to the records of how cows have been 

 fed in preparation for records. Doubtless much of the good effect 

 obtained from including them in the ration here is due to their 

 lightness, bulk and ease of digestibility. 



Ground oats with the hulls sifted out make a feed low in fiber 

 which, though rather expensive, is frequently used for feeding young 

 calves and pigs. Such a material is frequently found in proprie- 

 tary calf and pig meals under such names as oatmeal, oat flour 

 and ground oat groats. 



409. Oat feed. — Everybody is familiar, through many a break- 

 fast, with the human food obtained from oats. The milling of 

 this cereal for oatmeal is one of our largest food industries. The 

 by-product sold for feed is called oat feed or oatmeal-mill by-prod- 

 uct. It has very little feeding value, but merits discussion because 

 of the large amount which is sold in proprietary dairy feeds. 



The residue from the oatmeal-mill consists of oat hulls, oat 

 shorts, oat middlings and dust. However, the hulls are in by far 

 the largest proportion and this is what makes oat feed so poor. 

 Its average analysis is as follows: protein, 5.5 per cent; fat, 2 

 per cent; carbohydrates, 52 per cent; fiber, 27 per cent. The 

 above analysis shows that oat feed does not have a higher nutrient 

 content than timothy hay. It contains somewhat more digestible 

 protein but less total digestible nutrients. Thus, oat feed must be 

 classed as a low grade roughage, not as a concentrate. This fact 

 must be borne in mind in considering the place of oat feed in the 

 dairy ration. No one would think of buying chopped oat straw 

 to put in his grain ration. 



410. Clipped oat by-product. — Oats are frequently clipped to 

 decrease their bulk either at oatmeal mills or elevators. There are 

 removed during this process the fuzzy ends, a little of the inner 

 kernel and also the refuse matter from the grain, such as chaff, 

 straw and weed seeds. Oat clips or clipped oat by-product is the 

 name under which the resulting product appears on the market. 

 The product is light, bulky and of a chaffy, fibrous character. 

 The material is widely used in proprietary feeds as an absorbent 

 for molasses. Though we believe that the clips on the average 



