CHAPTER XXVIII 

 THE OIL MEALS AND MISCELLANEOUS BY-PRODUCTS 



The oil meals comprise a class of feeding stuffs which are the 

 residues left after the extraction of the oil from various seeds and 

 nuts. In general, oil-bearing seeds are much higher in protein 

 than the cereals, while the fat content is some ten times as high. 

 Cottonseed and linseed oil-meals are by far the most important, 

 but cocoanut oil meal, peanut oil meal and soybean oil meal 

 are finding increasing use, particularly in certain sections of the 

 country. 



425. Cottonseed by-products. — The cottonseed, formerly 

 allowed to rot after the cotton was removed, now furnishes a 

 great variety of products for industrial use and for human and 

 animal food. The oil, which is the main product of the cottonseed 

 industry, is largely used for human food as salad oil and lard 

 and butter substitutes. 



426. Cottonseed hulls. — The hull is of smooth, hard texture 

 and has little if any feeding value. As separated in the manufac- 

 turing process the hulls contain over 40 per cent of crude fiber with 

 only 4 to 5 per cent of protein and 2 per cent of fat. The 

 protein and fat content is mostly due to incompletely separated 

 meats. Despite their low value the hulls are largely marketed in 

 cottonseed products sold as feed and occasionally as " filler" in 

 proprietary feeds. 



427. The cottonseed meals. — Three grades of cottonseed 

 meal are recognized by official definition: 41.12 per cent protein 

 (choice quality), 38.56 per cent protein (prime quality) and 36 

 per cent protein (good quality). Color, lint content, etc., are 

 other differentiating factors, besides protein. The best grade is 

 the brightest in color. While it is true that products differ in com- 

 position according to the place where the source was grown, the 

 principal difference among the three grades is hull content, — the 

 more hull the less protein and the more fiber. It is not possible 



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