ANOTHER CLASSIFICATION. 109 



of the belly are very slightly developed, and the mir- 

 rors are ordinarily small, as in Figs. 48, 49, and 50. 



With these characteristics, cows give only a few 

 quarts of milk a day, and dry up a short time after 

 calving. Some such can scarcely nourish their calves, 

 even when they are well cared for and well fed. 



Sickly habits, chronic affections of the digestive 

 organs, the chest, the womb, and the lacteal system, 

 sometimes greatly affect the milk secretions, and cause 

 cows troubled with them to fall from the first or 

 second to the third, and sometimes to the fourth class. 



The above classification is very similar to that of 

 Pabst, a German farmer of large experience and obser- 

 vation of stock, who, with a view to simplify the 

 method of Guenon, and render it of greater practical 

 value to the farmer, made five divisions or classes, con- 

 sisting of, 1st, Very good or extraordinary ; 2d, Good 

 or good middling; 3d, Middling and little below mid- 

 dling ; 4th, Small ; and, 5th, Very bad milkers. 



These classifications, adopted by Magne, Pabst, and 

 other good breeders and judges of cows, appear to me 

 to be far more simple and satisfactory than the more 

 extended and complicated classification of Guenon him- 

 self. Without pretending to be able to judge with any 

 accuracy of the quantity, the quality, or the duration, 

 which any particular size or form of the mirror will 

 indicate, they give to Guenon the full credit of his 

 important discovery of the escutcheon, or milk-mirror, 

 as a new and very valuable element in forming our 

 judgment of the milking qualities of a cow ; and simply 

 assert, with respect to the duration or continuance of 

 the flow of milk, that the mirror that indicates the 

 greatest quantity will also indicate the longest dura- 

 tion. The mirror forms, in other words, an important 

 additional mark or point for distinguishing good milk- 

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