ECONOMIZE LABOR. HARVESTING. 193 



third in the crop on an average of years. In weeding, a 

 little wheel-hoe is invaluable, as with it a large part of 

 the labor of cultivation is saved. A skilful hand can 

 run this hoe within half an inch of the young plants 

 without injury, and go over a large space in the course 

 of a day, if the land was properly prepared in the first 

 place. 



The American farmer should always plan to economize 

 labor. That is the great item of expense on the farm. 

 I do not mean that he should try to shirk or avoid work, 

 but that he should make the least amount of work 

 accomplish the largest and most profitable results. 

 Labor-saving machinery on the farm is applied not to 

 reduce the number of hours' labor, or to make the 

 owner a man of leisure, — who is, generally, the unhap- 

 piest man in the world, — but to enable him to accom- 

 plish the greatest results in the same time that he 

 would be compelled to labor to obtain smaller ones. 



Carrots will continue to grow and increase in size 

 late into the fall. When ready to dig, plough around 

 as near to the outside rows as possible, turning the fur- 

 row away from the row. Then take out the carrots, 

 pulling off the tops, and throw the carrots and tops 

 into separate heaps on the ploughed furrows. In this 

 way a man and two boys can harvest and put into the 

 cellar over a hundred bushels a day. 



The Turnip (Brassica rapa) and the Swedish tur- 

 nip or ruta baga [Brassica campesti'is) are also largely 

 cultivated as a field crop to feed to stock ; and for this 

 purpose numberless varieties are used, furnishing a 

 great amount of succulent and nutritious food, late into 

 winter, and, if well kept, late into spring. The chief 

 objection to the turnip is that it taints the milk. This 

 may be remedied, to a considerable extent, if not wholly, 

 by the use of salt, or salt hay, and by feeding at the 

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