IVHA T AND WHERE. 7 



dried up, and the life of the place found wholly new chan- 

 nels for flowing into the sea of humanity. The coming of 

 a railroad invited first individuals, then streams of them, 

 to pour into the great city where the productive power 

 of the community is applied immediately to the world's 

 machinery. One hundred families, at a low estimate, 

 are thus directly engaged in urban industries. As many 

 as forty families gain their livelihood as employees of the 

 railroad, while the remainder supply these and the sum- 

 mer resorters with the necessary services of life. At 

 first, nearly everything consumed or used in the commu- 

 nity was made here ; but that self-sufficiency has long 

 since gone. In its place there is an importation of all 

 needed supplies, while the money to buy them is earned 

 for the larger part outside of the town. 



Besides this general movement of life, there are specific 

 features whose development is worth considering. The 

 schools, for example, were nothing but the hard experi- 

 ences of life at first ; then came the dame schools, scantily 

 paid for scant instruction, and then the grammar school 

 and the high school. Private schools and public schools 

 have both flourished as the special means of coaxing the 

 intellects of the young into a useful activity. The system 

 to-day, having a central building to which the children 

 radiate from every part of the township, includes an in- 

 struction very different from the crude methods of the 

 past ; and yet it is but the natural development of all that 

 preceded it. 



Furthermore, there is to be traced the religious life of 

 the community, in which the loftiest ideals of the people 

 have found their exercise and their culture. 



The church was at first the property and function of 

 the entire community. For a whole century it remained 

 so, giving all the people an undivided property interest in 

 the town's minister ; but the time came when the agonies 

 of parturition arose. For differences in faith and for per- 



