80 FIELD KEY TO COMMON BIRDS. 



IV. Plumage conspicuously black, or black and white* 



1. Black and white birds. 

 A. Throat black. 



a. Length over 6 00 inches. 



a 1 . Entire under parts black; nape buffy; rump white; a musical 

 dweller of fields and meadows ; frequently sings on the wing ; May 



to Sept BOBOLINK, page 134. 



a. Breast rose-red ; rest of the plumage black and white ; song 

 rapid, loud and musical ; call-note, peek ; a tree dweller in rather 

 open woodland ; May to Sept. 



ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK, page 150. 



a*. Sides reddish brown; rest of the plumage black and white ; call- 

 note, chewinlc or towlwe ; inhabits the undergrowth ; often seen on 

 ground scratching among fallen leaves ; Apf. 25 to Oct. 



TOWHEE, page 151. 

 6. Length under 6*00 inches. 



b l . Crown black ; cheeks white ; back ashy ; unstreaked ; call, chick- 

 a-dee t or a musical, double-noted whistle; a permanent resident. 



CHICKADEE, page 179. 



J$. Throat and other parts white or whitish. 



a. Length 8-50 inches ; upper parts blackish slate-color ; tail tipped with 

 white ; a bird of the air, catching its insect food on the wing, and 

 occasionally sallying forth from its exposed perch in pursuit of a pass- 

 ing Crow ; note, an unmusical, steely chatter ; May to Sept. 



KINGBIRD, page 122. 



6. Length 6-90 inches : upper parts washed with rusty ; generally seen 

 in flocks ; terrestrial ; Nov. to Mch SNOWFLAKE, page 147. 



2. No white in the plumage. 



A. Length 19-00 inches ; jet black AM. CKOW, page 128. 



. Length 12-00 inches; black with metallic reflections ; iris yellowish; 

 migrates in flocks ; nests usually in colonies in coniferous trees ; voice 

 cracked and reedy ; tail " keeled " in short flights ; a walker ; Mch. to 

 Nov PURPLE GRACKLE, page 133. 



C. Length 9-50 inches ; shoulders red ; haunts marshes ; call, kong-qv%r- 

 r'ee; Mch. to Oct RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD, page 132. 



D. Length 7*90 inches ; head and neck coftee-brown ; frequently seen on 

 the ground near cattle; Mch. to Nov COWBIRD, page 137. 



V. Birds not included in the preceding sections (that is, 

 plumage without either yellow, orange, red, or blue; 

 not conspicuously black, or black and white). 



1. Under parts white or whitish, all one color, without streaks or spots. 

 A. Back without streaks or spots. 



a. Back olive-green ; gleaners, exploring the foliage for food or flitting 

 about the outer branches. 



a*. Length 6-25 inches ; a white line over the eye bordered by a nar- 

 row black one ; cap gray ; iris red ; song, a rambling recitative : " You 

 eee it you know it do you hear me ? " etc. ; May to Oct. 



Jfop-KYE,p VJREO, page 164. 



