XU TERMINOLOGY. 



Flanks or sides of body are the parts approximately covered 

 by the closed wing. 



Axillaries are the lengthened feathers springing from the 

 axilla or region beneath the base of the wing. 



Supplementary bristles or hairs are those springing from the 

 side of the forehead in front of the rictal bristles. 



Naral bristles or hairs are those springing from the front of 

 the forehead and covering the nostrils. 



The measurements in this work are invariably in English 



inches and decimals, and are taken thus : 

 Length. The distance from the tip of the bill to the tip of 



the longest tail-feather, unless otherwise stated. 

 Tail. The distance from the root of the tail, generally 



indicated both in the fresh and dried state by the 



presence of a piece of flesh on the underside, to the 



tip of the longest feather. 

 Wing. The greatest distance from the bend of the wing 



to the tip of the longest primary, measured straight. 



When the wing is curved, it is flattened out for the 



purpose of measurement. 

 Tarsus. The distance from the centre of articulation of 



the tarsus with the tibia to the base of the middle toe. 

 Bill. The distance from the angle of the gape to the tip, 



measured straight. 



