70 



CKATEROPODID^;. 





Fig. 24. Garrulax Icucolophus. 



Family CRATEROPODID.E. 



The intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the 

 bronchial semi-rings ; the edges of both mandibles smooth or the 

 upper one with a notch ; hinder aspect of tarsus smooth, bilaminated ; 

 wing with ten primaries; tongue non-tubular; nostrils clear of the 

 line of the forehead, the lower edge of the nostril nearer to the com- 

 missure than the upper edge is to the culnien ; plumage of the 

 nestling like that of the adult female, but paler ; nostrils never 

 entirely concealed from view although frequently covered by hairs 

 or bristles ; rictal bristles present ; rectrices twelve ; the inner and 

 hind toes equal. 



The Crateropodidce form an enormous family of tropical and 

 subtropical species which I find it convenient to divide into six 

 subfamilies or natural groups. 



