72 CEATEKOPODID.E. 



pass a good deal of their time on trees, but they probably derive 

 no portion of their food directly from trees, the fruit they occa- 

 sionally eat being picked off the ground as they forage for insects. 



The head in all the Crateropodince is crested or subcrested. 

 Their tarsi, toes and claws are remarkably strong and their wings 

 are very rounded and weak. They are all non-migratory. 



The sexes are invariably alike, and the young resemble the 

 adults very closely. 



The subfamily is represented in India by 10 genera and 72 

 species. 



Key to the Genera. 



a. Bill shorter than head, stout and not strikingly 



curved. 

 a'. Covering membrane of nostril bare ; frontal 



feathers with shafts or webs lengthened. 

 ". Nostrils nearly hidden by a profusion 

 of bristles and hairs springing from 



forehead DRYONASTF.S, p. 7'2 . 



b". Nostrils clearly visible, but overhung by 



numerous bristles GARRULAX, p. 77. 



c". Nostrils not overhung by bristles, but 



merely by a few long and fine hairs. 

 a'". Bill slender ; length from forehead to 

 tip more than twice the depth at 

 forehead. 

 a 1 . Tail markedly longer than wing. . . . lANTnociNCLA,p.84. 



b*. Tail and wing equal in length STACTOCICHLA, 



b'". Bill stout; length from forehead to [p. 104. 



tip much less than twice depth at 



forehead GRAMMATOPTILA, 



d". Nostrils perfectly free and exposed, not [p. 102. 



overhung by either bristles or hairs. . . . TROCHALOPTERUM, 

 b'. Posterior half of covering membrane of [p. 87. 



nostril clothed with plumelets continued 

 back to the forehead, the feathers of which 

 are short and rounded. 



e". Tail very much longer than wing ARGYA, p. 105. 



/". Tail and wing of about equal length .... CRATEROPUS, p. 110. 



b. Bill as long as head or much longer ; slender 



and much curved. 

 c. Bill from one to one-and-a-half times length [p. llo. 



of head POMATORHINUS, 



d'. Bill three times length of head XIPHORHAMPHUS, 



[p. 128. 



Genus DRYONASTES, Sharpe, 1883. 



The genus Dryonastes, of which D. rujicottis is the type, contains 

 those Laughing-Thrushes which have the nostrils almost com- 

 pletely hidden by bristles. They are very closely allied to some of 



