90 CRATEEOPODID^. 



It breeds from May to July, constructing a nest of dead leaves 

 bound together with ferns and grass in a low tree or bush, and 

 laying from two to four eggs, which are blue marked with brownish 

 red and measure 1'2 by '82. 



83. Trochalopterum erythrolaema. Hume's Laughing-Thrush. 



Trochalopterum erythrolsema, Hume, S. F. x, p. 153 (1831) j Sharpe, 

 Cat. B. M. vii, p. 303; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 103. 



Coloration. Lores and point of chin dusky brown ; the entire 

 head, neck, chin, arid throat deep chestnut, the forehead tinged 

 with ashy ; sides of neck and back olive-grey, each feather with a 

 large black subterminal spot and a paler fringe ; rump and upper 

 tail-coverts slaty grey ; breast chestnut, with a round dusky or 

 black spot on each feather and a paler fringe ; centre of abdomen 

 pale ferruginous ; sides, vent, and under tail-coverts deep oliva- 

 ceous ; tail ashy, suffused with golden yellow on the outer webs ; 

 wing-coverts olive-brown, the greater series broadly tipped with 

 deep ferruginous ; primary-coverts and winglet yellow on the 

 outer webs, ashy on the inner ; outer webs of the primaries and 

 secondaries bright golden yellow ; tertiaries and tips of the secon- 

 daries ashy blue ; the base of the outer webs of the secondaries 

 golden red. 



Legs and feet fleshy brown, pinker on feet ; bill blackish brown ; 

 iris grey (Hume). 



Length about 10 ; tail 4'5 ; wing 3'7 ; tarsus 1*5 ; bill from 

 gape M. 



Distribution. Discovered by Hume near Matchi on the eastern 

 hills of Manipur, and not yet known to occur elsewhere. 



The next two species, I regret to say, must in future be known 

 to ornithologists by names different to those they have hitherto 

 borne. An examination of Gould's type and description of lan- 

 thocincla chrysoptera clearly shows that he had a specimen from 

 the Khasi hills before him, belonging to the species which Blyth 

 subsequently named Garrulax ruficapillus. This latter name will 

 become a synonym of Gould's.' The Himalayan species will con- 

 sequently be without a name, but as Hodgson figured it and named 

 it T. nigrimentum in his MSS., I propose to use his name for it. 

 He notes on the drawing that he considered this species to be 

 merely the young of T. erythrocephalum, but he appears afterwards 

 to have altered his opinion and named it. 



84. Trochalopterum chrysopterum. The Eastern Yellow- 

 winged Laughing-Thrush. 



Janthocincla chrysoptera, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 48. 

 Garrulax ruficapillus, Blyth, J. A. S. 11. xx, p. 521 (1851). 

 Trochalopteron ruficapillum (Blyth\ Godw.-Aust. J. A. S. B. xxxix, 



pt ii, p. 104; Hume, S. F. vii, p. 385; id. Cat. no. 4 15 bis; 



Sharpe, Cat. B. M. vii, p. 303 ; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 163. 



