202 CRATEttOPODID.E. 



secondaries brown, the outer ones ashy, except on the basal por- 

 tions, which are chestnut ; the ashy portions of the outer webs 

 barred with black ; tertiaries wholly silky brown, narrowly barred 

 across with black ; outer tail-feathers brown, barred with black and 

 tipped white, the others successively less barred and becoming more 

 and more suffused with reddish brown ; the middle pair entirely 

 reddish brown, with a few faint brown bars near the tips ; throat and 

 upper breast pinkish fulvous ; remainder of lower plumage fulvous, 

 the centre of the abdomen whitish and the under tail-coverts tipped 

 with white. 



Bill light horny ; legs pale brown ; iris brown (Jerdori). 



Length about 9; tail 4'f> ; wing 3*3; tarsus 1*1; bill from 

 gape -8. 



Birds from Sikhim have the back and tail very rufous ; those 

 from the Khasi hills and Manipur have these parts ochraceous and 

 the middle tail-feathers more distinctly barred. 



Distribution. Nepal to the Daphla hills in Assam; the Khasi 

 and IVaga hills ; Manipur. This bird is found from 3000 to 6000 

 feet of elevation. 



Habits, $c. Hume remarks that these birds go about in small 

 parties and are quite tree birds, clambering about and poking into 

 every hole and cranny, and foraging about in the huge branches of 

 orchids and other parasites much like Tits. 



They build their nest in trees at all heights from the ground, a 

 cup-shaped structure made of leaves held together by creeper- 

 stems. The eggs are pale green marked in various ways with 

 umber-brown, and measure about '92 by '68. 



212. Actinodura ramsayi. Ramsay's Bar-winy. 



Actinura ramsayi, Wald. A. M. N. H. (4) xv, p. 402 (1875) ; Wold. 



in BhjtVs Birds Surni. p. 10 8 ; Hume, S. F. iii, p. 404 ; Wardlaw 



Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 4f54, pi. xii. 

 Actinodura ramsayi ( Wald.}, Hume fy Dav. 8. F. vi, p. 293 ; Hume, 



Cat. no. 427 ter; Gates, B. B. i, p. 42 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. vii, 



p. 404. 



Coloration. Upper plumage cinereous olive-brown, tinged with 

 ferruginous on the head and more so on the forehead, the feathers 

 of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts faintly cross-barred with 

 black ; primary-coverts black ; tertiaries and remaining wing-coverts 

 olive-brown distinctly barred with black ; outer webs of primaries 

 and secondaries chestnut on their basal halves, ashy on the ter- 

 minal, the whole web barred with black ; tail olive-brown, distinctly 

 barred with numerous narrow black bars, the bars becoming coarser 

 towards the outer feathers ; all the feathers tipped white ; lores 

 and round the eyes dusky ; sides of head dusky ashy ; whole lower 

 plumage ochraceous buff, becoming browner on the under tail- 

 coverts. 



Iris light hair-brown ; bill horny brown ; legs slaty-brown ( Ward- 

 law Ramsay^). 



