CRINIOER. 255 



evenly curved throughout. The wing is blunt; the tail distinctly 

 rounded, and the tarsus strong but short. The plumage is very 

 soft. 



The birds of this genits are sociable, being generally found to- 

 gether in companies of six to a dozen. They are eminently forest- 

 bird*, frequenting trees, and not approaching gardens or clearings. 

 They are remarkably noisy, their notes being very harsh and fre- 

 quently uttered. Their food consists of fruit and berries, varied 

 with insects. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Lower plumage yellow. 



a'. Chin and upper throat white; crest 



greenish yellow C. flaveolus, p. 255. 



b'. Chin, throat, and upper breast white; 



crest greyish C. bunnanicus, p. 256. 



b. Lower plumage ochraceous. 



c'. Chin and throat white ; crest rufescent 



olive-brown C. gutturalis, p. 25G. 



d'. Chin, throat, and upper breast white; 



crest grey C. griseiceps, p. 257. 



263. Criniger flaveolus. The White-throated Bulbul. 



Trichophorus flaveolus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 6. 



Criniger flaveolus (Gould), Blyth, Cat. p. 208; Horsf. $ M. Cat. i, 

 p. 252 ; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 83 ; Godw.-Aust. J. A. S. B. xxxix, pt. ii, 

 p. 106 ; xlv, pt. ii, p. 79 ; Hume, Cat. no. 451 ; Scully, S. F. viii, 

 p. 295 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. vi, p. 77 : Hume, S. F. xi, p. 178 ; 

 Oates in Hume's N. $ E. 2nd ed. i, p. 162. 



Kussop-eechiop-pho, Lepch. 



Coloration. Head and crest olive-brown, each feather edged with 

 olive-green ; back, rump, and lesser wing-coverts olive-green 

 tinged with rufous ; tail rufous-brown ; lores and cheeks grey ; 

 ear-coverts darker grey ; chin and upper throat white; the remain- 

 ing lower plumage and under wing-coverts bright yellow ; wings 

 dark brown, the outer webs rufescent brown. 



Bill greyish-blue-horny ; gape whitish fleshy ; iris red-brown ; 

 feet livid fleshy (Sonify). 



Length about 9 ; tail 3*5 ; wing 3'8 ; tarsus *8 ; bill from 

 gape -9. 



Distribution. The Himalayas from Nepal to the head of the 

 Assam valley ; the Naga, Garo, and Khasi hills ; Sylhet ; Cachar ; 

 Manipur ; Tipperah. This species is found at low elevations, and 

 seldom above 5000 feet. 



Habits, $c. Breeds in Sikhirn in July and August, constructing a 

 shallow nest of dead leaves bound together by fine roots in small 

 trees not more than 10 feet from the ground. The eggs, generally 

 two in number, are pink marked with hair-lines, blotches, and 

 spots of brownish maroon or brickdust-red. Thev measure about 

 1 bir 7. 



