PIIYLLOSCOPUS. 403 



have been obtained at Etawah, Khandala, Sawant Wari, and 

 Ootacamund. 



Habits, fyc. The nest of this species was found in Kashmir in 

 June by the late Capt. Cock. It was built at the end of a pine 

 bough, ajbout 40 feet from the ground, was constructed of grass- 

 fibres and lichens, and lined with hair and feathers. It was a solid 

 deep cup, and contained four white eggs, which measured about 

 58 by -48. 



407. Phylloscopus tristis, The Brown Willow- Warbler. 



Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii, p. 966 (1843) ; id. Cat. 

 p. 1 85 ; Horsf. $ M. Cat. i, p. 336 j Jerd. B. 1. ii, p. 190 ; Hume $ 

 Renders. Lahore to York. p. 219; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xli, pt. ii, 

 p. 242 ; Scully, S. F. iv, p. 148 ; Hume, Cat. no. 554 ; Brooks, 

 S. F. viii, p. 476 ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 448 ; Hume, S. F. x, p. 118 

 note ; Seebohm, Cat. B. M. v, p. 63 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 227. 



The Brown Tree- Warbler, Jerd. 



Coloration. Upper plumage brown, with a tinge of green ; wings 

 and tail dark brown, edged with olive-yellow ; lores and behind 

 the eye blackish : a narrow but distinct supercilium from the 

 nostrils to the end of the ear-coverts buff ; sides of the head and 

 the whole lower plumage buff, paler on the chin, throat, and 

 abdomen ; under wing-coverts and axillaries bright sulphur- 

 yellow. 



Iris dark brown ; legs and feet brownish black, soles pale ; bill 

 dusky brown (Butler). 



Length about 5 ; tail 1-8 to 2-1 ; wing 2'2 to 2-5 ; tarsus '8 ; 

 bill from gape '5 ; the first primary *6 ; the second primary is 

 equal to the seventh, or sometimes rather shorter. 



This species differs from the European Chiffchaff in not being 

 yellow beneath, except on the axillaries and under tail-coverts. 

 In faded plumage it may be confounded with P. sindianus ; but 

 Hume points out (1. c.) that these two birds may at all times 

 be separated by the shape of the first primary. I have been able 

 to examine only one specimen of P. sindianus, but I could not 

 detect in its first primary any difference of shape from that of 

 P. ti'istis. It is seldom, however, that P. tristis is so very faded as 

 not to exhibit some yellow on its axillaries and under wing -co verts, 

 and this character will suffice to separate it from P. sindianus, as 

 a rule. 



Distribution. Summers in the higher portions of the Himalayas 

 in Kashmir. In winter this species is found over the whole of 

 India from Sind to Dacca, and south to about the latitude of 

 Bombay. Some birds remain in the Himalayas, at lower levels, 

 throughout the winter. The nest has not yet been found within 

 our limits, but has been obtained in Siberia. 



