I. AMI D.K. 



466 



Fig. 138. Lanius lahtora. 



Family LANIID^E. 



The intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the 

 bronchial semi-rings ; the edges of both mandibles smooth, or the 

 upper one simply notched or toothed, or both ; hinder aspect of 

 tarsus smooth, composed of two entire longitudinal laminae ; wing 

 with ten primaries ; tongue non-tubular ; nostrils clear of the line 

 of forehead, the lower edge of the nostril nearer to the commissure 

 than the upper edge is to the culmen ; plumage of the nestling 

 cross-barred : rectrices twelve ; nostrils more or less overhung by 

 bristles and hairs ; an autumn moult only *. 



* Gadow states that some of the Shrikes have a seasonal change of plumage, 

 I think that he is in error on this point. 



