468 LANIID^E. 



Some birds, apparently adult, have the ear-coverts brown. This 

 character does not, however, appear to be sexual. 



Distribution. A winter visitor to the north-west portion of the 

 Empire, where it is found from August or September to March. 

 This species has been observed as far east as Mughal Sarai, near 

 Benares, and south to Cutch, Kattywar, Seoni, and Eaipur. 



In winter it extends to Afghanistan, Persia, Arabia, and portions 

 of north-east Africa. In summer it is found in Turkestan and 

 Kashghar, where it breeds. 



480. Lanius phcenicuroid.es. The Rufous Shrike. 



Lanius isabellinus (Hempr. fy JEhrenb.}, apud Walden, Ibis, 1867, 



p. 224: partim, pi. v, fig. 1. 

 Lanius phcenicuroides, Severtz. Journ. fur Orn. 1873, p. 347 (deacr. 



nulla) ; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 434; Gadow, Cat. B. M. viii, p. 278. 



Coloration. Resembles L. isabettinus. Differs in having the 

 crown distinctly rufous and the back ashy brown, the two parts 

 contrasting ; the supercilium very distinctly denned and pure white ; 

 the lores entirely deep black and the band through the eye extending 

 to above the eye; the white patch on the primaries larger and 

 projecting distinctly bejoud the primary-coverts for about one fifth 

 of an inch. 



Of the same size as L. isabellinus. 



Distribution. A specimen of this species obtained by Dr. Gould 

 it Hyderabad, in Sind, is figured by Lord Walden (I. c.). Scully 

 informs us that he observed this species in Gilgit during the 

 autumn migration, and Biddulph procured it at the same place in 

 September and October. 



Outside our limits this species appears to have much the same 

 distribution as L. isabellinus. 



L. speculigerus has occurred at Kandahar and may be found here- 

 after in the Punjab or Sind. Prom L. isabellinus it differs in having 

 the whole of the lores deep black and from L. phcenicuroides in having 

 the white wing-patch extremely large and projecting quite one 

 third of an inch beyond the primary-coverts. These three species 

 of rufous-tailed Shrikes are very distinct, and it is not difficult to 

 separate them. 



481. Lanius cristatus. The Brown Shrike. 



Lanius cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 134; Jerd. B. I. i, p. 406; 



Wald. Ibis, 1867, p. 212; Hume, N. # E. p. 175; id. $ Henders. 



Lah. to Yark. p 182 : Butler, S. F. iii, p. 464 ; Anders. Yunnan 



Exped., Aves, p. 645 ; Legge, Birds Ceyl. p. 377 ; Hume, Cat. 



no. 261 ; Gadoiv, Cat. B. M. viii, p. 271 ; Oates, B. B. i, p. 252 ; 



Barnes, Biros Bom. p. 145 ; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 92 ; Oates in Hume's 



N. 8f E. 2nd ed. i, p. 326. 

 Lanius phoenicurus, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs, iii, p. 693 (1776) ; 



Wald. Ibis, 1867, p. 216, pi. v, fig. 2. 

 Enneoctonus cristatus (Linn.}, Horsf. fy M. Cat. i, p. 167. 

 Kdkhdti. Beng. ; Kher Khetta, Hind. ; Batti yadu, Batti-kiriti-gadu, 

 Tel. ; Hnet-beloo, Burm. 



