I.MIVACOBNIS. 97 



<i 1"). Ruticilla erythrogaster. Guldemtadt's Redstart. 



Motacilla erythrogastra, G'tild. Nov. Com. Petrop.xu.. p. 469. pis. in, 



17 (1775). 

 Ruticilla crytliroirustni (G'dld.}, Blyth, Cat. p. 168 ; Horsf. Sf M. Cat. 



i, p. 304 Jenl. B. I. ii, p. 131) ; Blanf. J. A. & 1L xli* pt. ii, p. 51 ; 



llmne $ Henrier*. Lh. to York, p. 210; Scully, S. F. iv, p. 144 ; 



Jlitinc, Cat. no. 409 ; llid,lnli>lt, Ibis, 1881, p. 03 j Scully, Ibis, 



1881, p. 445 ; Scebohm, Cat. Ii. M. v, p. 347. 

 Ruticilla viprorsi, Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 27, pi. Ix ; Horsf. $ M. 



Cat. i, p. ."04. 



77w White-winyed Redstart, Jerd. 



Coloration. Male. After the autumn moult the crown and nape 

 are white with a few ashy margins ; forehead, sides of head and 

 neck, back, scapulars, upper wing-coverts, chin, throat, and upper 

 breast deep black, a few of the feathers margined with grey ; 

 wings black, the middle portion of all the quills except the terti- 

 aries white ; remainder of the plumage with the tail deep chestnut. 

 Soon after the autumn, the few margins present on the black por- 

 tions of the plumage drop off, and the crown becomes pure white. 



Female. Upper plumage brown tinged with ashy ; the lower 

 portion of rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail ferruginous, the 

 middle tail-feathers and the tips of the others dusky; wings brown, 

 edged with pale fulvous ; sides of head and whole lower plumage 

 uniform fulvous-grey. The female has no seasonal change of 

 plumage. 



Bill black, yellow at gape; iris brown; legs, feet, and cla\vs 

 black (Hume Coll.}. 



Length about 7 ; tail 3 ; wing 4-2 ; tarsus 1-05 ; bill from 

 gape -7. 



Distribution. The Himalayas from Kashmir and Gilgit to Sikhim. 

 In summer this species is found at very high altitudes, from 10,000 

 to 14,000 feet or even higher. In winter it descends to 5000 feet. 

 This Redstart extends on the west to the Caucasus ; on the north, 

 through Turkestan and Tibet, to Lake Baikal in Southern Siberia; 

 and on the east into China. 



Habits, $c. This species, like Chimarrkomit leucocephalus, affects 

 streams and lakes, but is more frequently seen, according to 

 15 Ian ford, on rocky hill-sides. Its nest has not yet been found 

 by any naturalist. 



Genus RHYACORNIS, Blauford, 1N7L'. 



The genus Rhyacornit contains one species, which is closely allird 

 to both Clt'niiarrlnn'iiis and Itiil'n-iUa. It differs from both tlicM-. 

 howt-Ner, in the simrl n<ss of its tail, which is about tuuv tin- 

 length of the tarsus, ;md in its strong rictal bristles. The female, 

 moreover, has no chest nut on the tail. 



The only member of this genus inhabits mountain-streams, and 

 is always round near \\ater, especially \\here this forms a rapid or 

 a cascade. It has the habit of expandini; its tail frequently. 



VOL. II. II 



