1 50 TURDIJXE. 



Habits, tyc. Breeds in the Himalayas from April to June above 

 6000 feet. The nest is a large deep cup made of grass and dry 

 leaves, with clay and mud, placed in trees. The eggs vary from 

 pink to greenish grey ; they are marked with brownish red and 

 purplish pink, and measure about 1*2 by *9. 



696. Turdus pilaris. The Fieldfare. 



Turdus pilaris, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 291 (1766) ; Blyth, Cat. p. 161 ; 



Horsf. $ M. Cat. i, p. 194 ; Hume, Cat. no. 367 ; Seebohm, Cat. 



B. M. v, p. 205. 

 Planesticus pilaris (Linn.), Jerd. B. I. \, p. 530. 



Coloration. Forehead, crown, nape, and hind neck slaty grey, the 

 feathers with narrow brown tips and darker shafts ; back and 

 scapulars chestnut-brown, with pale edges ; rump and upper tail- 

 coverts slaty grey; tail dark brown, the outer feathers very nar- 

 rowly tipped white ; wing-coverts dull rufous-brown with greyish 

 margins ; winglet, primary-coverts, and primaries dark brown with 

 narrow grey margins ; secondaries with the outer webs rufous, 

 the inner brown ; lores and under the eye dark brown ; ear-coverts 

 slaty grey ; traces of a pale supercilium extending as far as the 

 ear-coverts; chin, throat, and breast bright buff streaked with 

 black ; abdomen white ; sides of the body white, with large roundish 

 rufous-brown spots ; axillaries and under wing-coverts pure white. 



The plumage of this bird in summer differs little from the 

 plumage in winter, the loss of the margins of the feathers causing 

 but little change. 



Bill yellow ; feet and legs black ; iris very dark brown (Seebohm). 



Length about 11 : tail 4 ; wing 5*5; tarsus 1-3 ; bill from gape 

 M. 



Distribution. The Fieldfare, according to Jerdon, has occurred 

 once at Simla, and Adams records it from Kashmir. The only 

 specimen I have ever seen from India is one obtained by Dr. 

 Jameson at Saharanpnr, and presented by him to the Indian 

 Museum, from which it passed to the British Museum. It can 

 only be considered a very rare winter visitor to the north-west of 

 India. 



The Fieldfare has a wide range, being found from the Atlantic 

 to the Tenesay river in Siberia, and coming south in winter as 

 far as Turkestan on the east and North Africa on the west. 



697. Turdus iliacus. The Redwing. 



Turdus iliacus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 292 (1766) ; Blyth, Cat. p. 161 ; 

 Jerd. B. 1. i, p. 532 ; Hume, Cat. no. 3C9 ; Seebohm, Cat. B. M. 

 v, p. 189. 



The Reducing Thrush, Jerd. 



Coloration. The whole upper plumage and tail olive-brown ; the 

 wings dark brown, all the feathers edged with olive-brown, the 



