262 FRINGILLID^E. 



Coloration. Male. After the autumn moult the forehead, crown, 

 and nape are black almost concealed by ashy margins ; a concealed 

 yellow collar on the hind neck ; back, rump, and scapulars orange- 

 chestnut with ashy margins ; upper tail-coverts brown, edged with 

 ashy; tail brown, margined with fulvous; lesser wing-coverts 

 orange-chestnut, margined with ashy; remaining coverts and quills 

 dark brown, edged with fulvous ashy ; lores and under the eye deep 

 black ; ear-coverts black tipped with yellow ; cheeks, side of the 

 neck, and the whole lower plumage deep yellow with pale lilac 

 margins. 



In spring the margins everywhere get worn away ; the forehead, 

 crown, nape, lores, under the eye, and the ear-coverts become 

 deep black ; the upper plumage and lesser coverts become uniform 

 deep orange-chestnut, and the whole lower plumage a deep yellow. 



Female. The whole upper plumage and lesser wing-coverts fulvous 

 brown, streaked with dark brown, the streaks almost obsolete on 

 the rump and upper tail-coverts ; coverts, quills, and tail as in the 

 male ; the entire lower plumage is a delicate fulvous, washed with 

 ochraceous on the breast and with yellow on the abdomen ; under 

 tail-coverts bright yellow. The difference between the summer and 

 the winter plumage of the female is slight. 



Young birds resemble the female closely ; young males not quite 

 adult have brown ear-coverts. 



Iris dark brown ; legs and feet fleshy brown ; bill pale greenish 

 horn, brown on culmen (Butler}. 



Length about 7'5 ; tail 3'1 ; wing 3'S ; tarsus -85 ; bill from 

 gape -6. 



Distribution. A winter visitor to the plains of India as far east 

 as Delhi, ]N T agpur, and Chanda, and as far south as Belgaum. 

 This species passes through Baluchistan, and, in smaller numbers, 

 through Grilgit on migration, and the Indian birds probably 

 breed in Persia. This Bunting extends westwards to South- 

 western Europe. 



Habits, fyc. This Bunting is usually found in India in large 

 flocks, which commit great devastation in corn-fields. It breeds 

 about May in Western Asia and South-western Europe ; the nest, 

 a cup of straw or grass lined with hair or roots, is usually placed 

 in a bush, vine, or low tree, and the eggs, four to six in number, 

 are pale greenish-blue, spotted throughout, more profusely round 

 the larger end, and measure about 0*87 by 0-62. 



800. Emberiza luteola. The Red-headed Bunting. 



Emberiza luteola, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, fasc. iv. Taf. 93 (1788) ; 



Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xii, p. 506. 

 Euspiza luteola (Sparrm.), Blyth, Cat. p. 128 ; Horsf. $ M. Cat. ii, 



p. 486 ; Jerd. B. I. ii, p. 378; Hume, S. F. iii, p. '498 ; Scully, S. 



F. iv. p. 167 ; Wardlaw Ramsay ^ Ibis, 1880, p. 66 ; Hume, Cat. 



no. 722 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 271. 



Gxndam, Hind.; Dalchicli, Sind ; Pacha jinmuayi, Tel. 



