MOTACILLA. 



287 



d'. Tarsus considerably longer than one inch. 



ff". Back always ashy grey M. citreola, p. 298. 



h" . Back either black or with some black or 



dusky feathers M. citreoloides, p. 299. 



826. Motacilla alba. The White W </(!/. 



Motacilla alba, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 331 (1766) ; Hume, Cat. no. 591 

 ter ; Scully, S. F. vi'ii, p. 314 ; Oates, B. B. i, p. 156 ; Sharpe, 

 Cat. B. M. x, p. 404. 



Motacilla dukhunensis, Sykcs, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 91 ; filyth, Cat. 

 p. 137 ; Horsf. $ M. Cat. i, p. 349 ; Brooks, S. F. ii, p. 457, vii, 

 p. 137 ; Hume, Cat. no. 59 Ibis ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 236. 

 Dhobin, Hind. 



Figs. 77, 78, 79. Wing, foot, and head of M. alba. 



Coloration. In normal full summer plumage, the forehead, an- 

 terior portion of crown, sides of the head and of the neck are pure 

 white ; remainder of crown, nape, and hind neck, chin, throat, fore 

 neck, and breast deep black ; upper plumage, scapulars, and lesser 

 wing-coverts grey ; upper tail-coverts more or less black, margined 

 exteriorly with white ; wing-coverts and tertiaries blackish, broadly 

 margined with white ; primaries and secondaries black, narrowly 

 margined wit h whitish ; the four middle pairs of tail-feathers 

 black, the others nearly entirely white ; lower plumage from the 

 breast downwards pure white. 



In normal winter plumage the chin, throat, and fore neck 

 become white, and the black on the breast is reduced to a narrow 

 crescentic patch, sometimes extending narrowly up the sides of the 

 fore neck. 



The nestling is uniform greenish ashy above, and the lower 



