17 



Tainul; Tatchan-kuruvi, Tarn, in Ceylon; Koerella, Cingalese; 

 Tint-ionic, Burmese ; these names being applied to all kinds. The 

 Lepchas of Sikhim, as Jerdon observes, alone appear to have 

 names for different species. 



Subfamily PICIN^E. 



This contains the true Woodpeckers, with very stout shafts to- 

 the tail-feathers, the points of which are pressed against the bark 

 of trees when the birds are climbing or tapping to get at 

 insects. The tail is frequently much worn, and hence varies 

 considerably in length. Woodpeckers seldom perch, they cling 

 to the stems and branches of trees with the tail always downward, 

 and they usually ascend and descend diagonally. They have a 

 peculiar undulating flight easily recognized. The Indian genera 

 are numerous. 



Key to the Genera. 



a. Primaries spotted or banded. 

 '. Nostrils concealed by plumes. 

 a". Toes 4. 



3 . Mantle wholly or partly green, 



back not barred. 



4 . Culmen nearly straight, a dis- 

 tinct nasal ridge GBCINUS, p. 18. 



i 4 . Culmen curved, nasal ridge ob- 

 solete CHRYSOPHLEGMA, p. 27, 



6 3 . Mantle chiefly crimson, back 



barred across CALLOLOPHUS, p. 29. 



c 3 . Mantle black and white. 



c 4 . Nasal ridge less than half 

 length of bill, and at base 

 nearer commissure than cul- 



men HYPOPICUS, p. 32. 



#. Nasal ridge half length of bill 

 or more, and at base not nearer 

 commissure than culmen. 

 a 5 . Second primary shorter than 



sixth. 



a c . Primaries exceed second- 

 aries by length of culmen 



or more DENDROCOPUS, p. 33. 



V'. Primaries, exceed second- 

 aries by less than length 



of culmen LIOPICUS, p. 43. 



6 5 . Second primary longer than 



sixth IYNGIPICUS, p. 44. 



b". Toes 3. 



d?. Mantle green or red GECINULUS, p. 30. 



e 3 . Mantle golden olive GAUROPICOIDES, p. 63, 



YOL. III. C 



