62 



and lower back crimson; upper tail-coverts black, often brownish ; 

 outer webs of secondary quills golden olive, rest of quills brownish 

 black, with white spots on the inner webs only, tips of primaries 

 sometimes very pale or whitish ; tail black ; lower parts white or 

 buffy white ; a broken black stripe down the middle of the chin 

 and throat, getting broader below ; feathers of breast and abdomen 

 with broad black edges, so broad on the breast as to produce a 

 scale-like pattern ; flanks and lower tail-coverts barred black. 



Female. Whole crown and occipital crest black, with elongate 

 subterminal spots on each feather. 



Bill very dark brown ; iris ha/el ; eyelids plumbeous ; legs 

 greenish ; claws horn-colour (Oates). 



Length 11-5 ; tail 4; wing 5-8 ; tarsus -95 ; bill from gape 1'5. 



Distribution. Common throughout Burma, extending to Siam, 

 Cambodia, Cochin China, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, 

 and Java. Pound also in the hill-forests near the Malabar coast 

 of India as far north as the Wynaad. The statement that the 

 type of T. rubropygialis came from Bengal needs confirmation 

 (according to Jerdon it came from Bangalore). Apparently this 

 species is found nowhere in the Peninsula of India except the 

 southern part of the Malabar coast, and it is also wanting in the 

 Assam hills, Cachar, and Manipur. 



The Malabar form called Chrysonotus rubropygialis by Jerdon 

 is rather smaller than the Burmese, and has rather more white on 

 the breast, but there is no constant distinction. 



Habits, tyc. Very similar to those of Brachypternus. The present 

 species has much the same shrill call and is equally familiar. The 

 eggs have been taken in March in the Malabar forests by F. Bour- 

 dillon, and in Burma from March to May by Oates and Bingham. 

 They are laid, like those of other Woodpeckers, in holes in trees, 

 are white, glossy, and usually three in number, and measure about 

 1-11 by -8. 



989. Tiga shorei. The Himalayan Golden-backed Three- toed 

 Woodpecker. 



Picus shorei, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 175. 



Picas (Tiga) shorei, Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xiv, p. 193. 



Tiga shorei, Blyth, Cat. p. 56, partim ? ; Hume, 8. F. iii, p. 73, 



partim ; id. Cat. no. 183 ; Davison, S. F. ix, p. 357 ; Hargitt, Cat. 



B. M. xviii, p. 417. 

 Chrysonotus shorei, Horsf. fy M. Cat. ii, p. 658; Jerdon, B. I. i, 



p. 298 ; Anderson, Yunnan Exped., Aves, p. 586 ; Ball, S. F. vii, 



p. 206. 

 Chrysonotus biddulphi, Tickett, Walden, Ibis, 1876, p. 344 ; Hume, 



S. F. v, p. 497. 

 The Large Three-toed Woodpecker, Jerdon. 



Very similar to T. javanensis. The differences are that in the 

 present species there are two broken black lines down the throat 

 and fore neck, the space between them heing isabelline, as is the 

 malar region and sometimes the breast in part. There is less 



