148 BUCEROTID,E. 



red ; gular skin bright yellow, with a broad transverse interrupted 



band black or dusky ; legs and feet blackish. 



Length about 45 ; tail 13 ; wing 20 ; tarsus 2'75 : bill from 



gape 9. Tenasserim birds are smaller than those from Assam : 



wing 19 ; bill from gape 8. 



Female. Black throughout except the tail, which is white ; gular 



skin blue, with a dark transverse bar ; other soft parts as in male. 



Length 38 ; tail 10 ; wing 17 ; tarsus 2-6 ; bill from gape 6-5. 

 Distribution. Assam, Khasi and Naga hills, Cachar, Manipur, 



Arrakan, Toungngoo, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, 

 Java, Borneo. 



Habits, fyc. Very similar to those of the other large Hornbills. 

 This is a bird of powerful and steady, not undulating flight, and the 

 noise made by its wings when flying may be heard for a very great 

 distance. It lives almost entirely on fruit, and often travels long 

 distances for its food ; it not unfrequently associates in consider- 

 able flocks when flying. Its call-note is dissyllabic according to 

 Tickell. Like other fruit-eating birds, it wanders about and does 

 not always occupy the same forest tract. It breeds about March, 

 usually laying two eggs, that measure on an average 2*45 by 1*75. 



1055. Rhytidoceros subruficollis. Blyih's Wreathed Hornbill. 



Buceros subruficollis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii, p. 177 ; id. Cat. p. 320. 

 Buceros plicatus, apud Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii, p. 991; xvi, p. 998; 



id. Cat. p. 45 ; nee Forster. 

 Rhyticeros subruficollis, Horsf. 8f M. Cat. ii, p. 600 ; Hume fy Dav. 



S. F. vi, p. 112; Wardl-Rams. Ibis, 1877, p. 455 ; Hume, Cat. 



no. 146 ter ; Bingham, S. F. viii, p. 463 ; ix, p. 159. 

 Aceros subruticollis, Blyth $ Wold. Birds Burm. p. 69 ; Oates, 8. F. 



vii, p. 46. 

 Rhytidoceros subruficollis, Tweeddak, Ibis, 1877, p. 295; Elliot, 



Mon. Buc. pi. 36 ; Oates, B. B. ii, p. 91 ; id. in Hume's N. fy E. 



2nd ed. iii, p. 81 ; Oyilvie Grant, Cat. B. M. xvii, p. 384. 



This only differs from R. undulatus in smaller size, in having no 

 dark bar across the yellow or blue throat, and especially in the 

 sides of both mandibles being smooth, there being no trace of the 

 grooves that are found on the bills of adult R. undulatus. 



Length of males about 34 ; tail 10 ; wing 16-5 ; tarsus 2*1; 

 bill from gape 7. Females are smaller : length about 30 ; wing 

 14-5 ; bill 6. 



Distribution. Arrakan, Eastern Pegu, and Tenasserim, more 

 common from Moulmein to Tavoy than farther south ; also 

 Sumatra and Borneo, and probably the Malay Peninsula. 



Habits, <$fc. Similar to those of the last species except that, 

 according to Bingham, this is less of a hill bird. It is generally 

 seen in large flocks, flying low. Oates found birds of this species 

 feeding on snails on the ground in an open plain. Tickell noticed 

 Hornbills of this or the last species bathing in a river in the evening. 

 The eggs have been taken in Pegu and Tenasserim at the end of 



