160 UPUPID^E. 



xli, pt. 2, p. 44 ; Brooks, ibid. p. 75 ; Hume 8f Senders. Lah. to 

 Yark. p. 182 ; Hume, S. F. i, p. 174; xi, p. 87 : id. Cat. no. 254 ; 

 Butler, S. F. iii, p. 462; v, p. 228; ix, p. 391 ; Ball, S. F. vii, 

 p. 209; Vidal, S. F. ix, p. 57 ; Davison, S. F. x, p. 364 ; C. H. T. 

 Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 412 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 141 ; Oates in 

 Hume's N. 8f E. 2nd ed. ii, p. 337 j Salvin, Cat. B. M. xvi, p. 4. 



Hud-hud, Pers. & H. ; Sutdr, Mahr. ; Sukdudu, Chamba ; Katkuto, 

 Sind. 



Fig. 47. Head of U. epops, f . 



Coloration. Crest rufous-fawn, all the feathers with black tips, 

 and on the longer feathers the rufous passes into pure white 

 before the black end is reached ; sides of head, chin, neck all 

 round, and breast varying from sandy to pale rufous with a vinous 

 tinge ; upper back and wings along forearm light brown, then a 

 black band, followed by a buffy-white one, crosses the wings and 

 back, with a second black and a second white band on the wings, 

 but the lower back is black or brown ; the rump white ; upper tail- 

 coverts black, and tail black with a white bar across it halfway 

 down ; quills black, the first primary generally, but not always, 

 with a white spot on the inner web, the other primaries with a 

 white band across them, imperfect on the innermost ; secondaries 

 with white bases and four white bands ; tertiaries brown, edged with 

 buff and with an oblique buff band near the shaft on the inner 

 web ; abdomen white, with dark brown streaks in front. 



Bill dark brown, pinkish at the base ; irides red- brown ; legs 

 and feet plumbeous. 



Length about 12 ; tail 4 ; wing 5 - 8 ; tarsus 9 ; bill from gape 

 straight to point 2-5. Females rather less : wing 5-5 ; bill 2-3. 



Distribution. In summer throughout the Southern Palaearctic 

 region, including the Himalayas, migrating in winter to Africa, 

 Arabia, and India as far south as Eatnagiri, the Deccan, Chutia 

 Nagpur, Sylhet, and Manipur. Henderson found this bird common 

 on the desert plateau of Ladak. 



Habits, fyc. Hoopoes are chiefly found in open country, cultivated 



