324 VULTUBIDJE. 



as far south as Moulmem ; and according to Blyth in the Malay 

 Peninsula also. The limits of this and the last species are not 

 clearly known. 



Habits, 6fc. This Vulture breeds on trees in Bengal in January and 

 February, making the usual large nests of boughs freshly broken 

 off. The single egg is nearly pure white, and measures about 3*5 

 by 2-73. 



Genus PSEUDOGYPS, Sharpe, 1873. 



This genus is only distinguished from Gyps by having 12 tail- 

 feathers like other Vultures, instead of 14. There are two species 

 very similar to each other, one is African, the other Indian. 



1196. Pseudogyps bengalensis. The IndianWhite-bacJced Vulture. 



Vultur bengalensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i, p. 245 (1788). 



Vultur leuconota, J. E. Gray in Hardw. III. Ind. Zool. i, pi. 14 

 (1830-32). 



Gyps bengalensis, Blyth, Cat. p. 33 ; Horsf.fyM. Cat. i, p. 4 ; Jerdon, 

 B. I. i, p. 10 ; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 233 ; King, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, 

 pt. 2, p. 210; Hume, Rough Notes, p. 26; Jerdon, Ibis, 1871, 

 p. 235 ; A. Anderson, P. Z. IS. 1871, p. 676 ; 1875, p. 17 ; Stoliczka, 

 J.A.S. B. xli, pt. 2, p. 230 ; Hume, N. $ E. p. 7 ; Adam, S. F, 

 i, p. 367; Blyth $ Wald. Birds Burm. p. 65; Butler, S. F. iii, 

 p. 442 ; v, p. 322 ; vii, p. 179 ; Blanford, S. F. v, p. 245 ; Davids. 

 fy Wend. S. F. vii, p. 72; Cripps, ibid. p. 240; Marshall, Ibis, 

 1884, p. 406. 



Pseudogyps bengalensis, Sharpe, A. M. N. H. (4) xi, p. 133; id. 

 Cat. B. M. i, p. 11 ; Hume 8? Dav. S. F. vi, p. 1 ; Ball, S. F. vii, 

 p. 196 ; Hume, Cat. no. 5 ; Bingham, S. F. viii, p. 190 ; Scully, 

 ibid. p. 219 ; Vidal, 8. F. ix, p. 29 ; Reid, S. F. x, p. 2 ; Davidson, 

 ibid. p. 286 ; Davison, ibid. p. 332 ; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 1 ; Oates, B. 

 B. ii, p. 170 ; id. in Hume's N. $ E. 2nd ed. iii, p. 205 ; Barnes, 

 Birds Bom. p. 6 ; id. Jour. Bom. N. H. Soc. i, p. 38 ; iii, p. 207 ; 

 St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 149. 



Gidh, H. & Mahr. ; Sdgun, Changoun, Beng. ; Guligadu, Matu pudum 

 gudu, Tel. ; Walhorya, Yerkli ; Karru, Tarn. ; Lin-tah, Burmese. 



Coloration. Adult. Head and fore-neck with sparse brownish 

 hairs, thicker on the nape ; back of neck with white downy tufts ; 

 ruff of short pure white down ; wings, interscapulary region, 

 upper tail-coverts, and tail black or brownish black ; secondaries 

 brownish grey ; lower back, rump, upper part of flanks, lower 

 wing-coverts except near the edge of the wing, axillaries, and 

 thigh-coverts white ; crop-patch black, bordered on each side by 

 white down; breast and abdomen brownish black, with narrow 

 whitish shaft-stripes. 



Young. Head and neck much covered with down, whitish above, 

 brownish and thinner below ; ruff of whitish lanceolate feathers 

 with brown edges ; plumage generally dark brown, primaries and 

 tail-feathers blackish ; wing-coverts with narrow, breast and abdo- 

 men with broad whitish shaft-stripes ; no white on back, flanks, or 

 wing-lining ; a white down border to the brown crop-patch. 



