CIRCUS. 381 



Species of Circus are found in almost all tropical and temperate 

 countries. Six are met with in India and Burma. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Outer web of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quills, 



but not of 5th, notched. 



a'. Tarsus more than 2*5 long- C. macrurus, p. 381. 



b' . Tarsus less than 2*5 long C. cineraceus, p. 383. 



b. Outer web of 5th quill notched. 



c'. Straight from end of cere on culmen to 

 tip of bill measures less than 075. 



a". Upper parts ashy C. cyancus, tf ad., p. 384. 



b". Upper parts to rump black C. melanoleucus, tf ad., 



c". Upper parts brown, more or less [p. 385. 



edged with buft' or rufous. 



a 3 . Upper tail-coverts pure white . . C. cyaneus, ad., p. 384. 

 6 3 . Upper tail-coverts not entirely 



white. 

 o 4 . Coverts along forearm white or 



buff C. melanoleucus, $ ad., 



b*. Coverts along forearm brown. [p. 38o. 



a 5 . Abdomen buff, with darker 



shaft-stripes C. cyaneus, young, p. 384. 



b 5 . Abdomen rufous-brown . . C. melanoleucus, young,i 

 d'. From cere on culmen to tip of bill [p. 385. 



is more than 075. 

 d". Abdomen white unstriped or buff 



with dark shaft-stripes C. spilonotus, p. 388. 



e". Abdomen dark or rufous-brown, or 



rufous with dark stripes C. ceruginosus, p. 387. 



1233. Circus macrurus. The Pale Han-ier. 



Accipiter macro urus, S. G. Gmel. N. Comm. Petrop. xv, p. 1:5- >. 

 pis. viii, ix (1771). 



Circus swainsoni, Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Jour, i, p. 384 (1830) ; Blyth, 

 Cat. p. 20 ; Horsf. $ M. Cat. i, p. 25 ; Jerdon, B. I. i, p. 96 ; Godw.- 

 Aust. J. A. S. B. xxxix, pt. 2, p. 265 ; Hume, Rough Notes, 

 p. 298; id. S. F. i, p. 408; Blyth, Birds Burm. p. 61 ; Butler, 

 S. F. iii, p. 447; v, p. 226; Hume % Bourd. S. F. iv, p. 372 ; 

 A. Anderson, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 78 ; 1876, p. 314. 



Circus pallidus, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 80; Hume, S. F. i, p. 160. 



Falco herbfficola, Tickell, J. A. S. B. b, p. 570 (1833) ; Walden, Ibis, 

 1876, p. 342. 



Circus macrurus, SJiarpe, Cat. B. M. i, p. 67 ; Ball, S. F. vii, p. 199 ; 

 Cripps, ibid. p. 249 ; Scully, S. F. viii. p. 226 ; Hume, Cat. no. 51 ; 

 Leffge, Birds Ceyl. p. 17 ; Vidal, S. F. ix, p. 33; Biddulph, Ibis r 

 1881, p. 43 ; Scully, ibid. p. 421 ; Reid, S. F. x, p. 10 ; IMf*, 

 ibid. p. 338 ; Gates, B. B. ii, p. 175 ; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 13 ; Barnes, 

 Birds Bom. p. 45. 



Dastmal, Girgit Mor, Pattai, II. ; Pandoum, Beng. ; TeI/ rhappu 

 gedda, Pilli gedda, Tel. ; Puna prandu, Tarn. ; Kurrulu-goya, Uktusa, 

 Cing. 



Coloration. Adult male. Upper parts pah- ashy grey, generally, 

 except in very old birds, more or less tinged with brown on tin- 



